Page 3 California Auto Outlook 22.0% 22.7% 21.3% 21.0% 22.0% 23.8% 21.3% 20.8% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 2Q '23 3Q '23 4Q '23 1Q '24 2Q '24 3Q '24 4Q '24 1Q '25 Vehicle Powertrain Dashboard Make and Model Registrations for ZEVs and PHEVs in California ZEVs are full battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles. PHEVs are plug in hybrids. Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Top 25 Selling BEV and PHEV Models - YTD 2025 thru March Quarterly ZEV Registrations as a % of Total Registrations in California ❏ The graph on the left shows new ZEV registrations in California as a percent of industry along with CARB ACC2 mandates for 2026, 2027, and 2028 model year vehicles. ❏ ZEVs accounted for 20.8 percent of industry registrations in the first quarter of 2025, significantly below the upcoming CARB ACC2 mandated level of 35 percent for 2026 model year vehicles. ❏ 1Q ‘25 BEV market share would need to increase by 14.2 share points to meet the CARB mandated level of 35 percent for 2026 model year vehicles, representing a 68 percent increase in BEV registrations. Data sourced from Experian Automotive. California New Zero Emission Vehicle Registrations by Make YTD 2024 and YTD 2025 thru March Registrations Market Share (%) YTD '24 YTD '25 % Change YTD '24 YTD '25 Change TOTAL 89,821 96,416 7.3 Acura 0 1,283 -- 0.0 1.3 1.3 Audi 2,917 2,335 -20.0 3.2 2.4 -0.8 BMW 4,406 5,421 23.0 4.9 5.6 0.7 Cadillac 1,000 1,609 60.9 1.1 1.7 0.6 Chevrolet 3,004 4,895 62.9 3.3 5.1 1.8 Dodge 0 79 -- 0.0 0.1 0.1 Ford 4,048 5,819 43.8 4.5 6.0 1.5 Genesis 407 566 39.1 0.5 0.6 0.1 GMC 248 1,041 319.8 0.3 1.1 0.8 Honda 0 4,517 -- 0.0 4.7 4.7 Hyundai 3,847 5,192 35.0 4.3 5.4 1.1 Jaguar 297 621 109.1 0.3 0.6 0.3 Jeep 0 147 -- 0.0 0.2 0.2 Kia 3,068 3,021 -1.5 3.4 3.1 -0.3 Lexus 861 485 -43.7 1.0 0.5 -0.5 Mercedes 4,872 3,689 -24.3 5.4 3.8 -1.6 MINI 252 211 -16.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1 Nissan 996 1,453 45.9 1.1 1.5 0.4 Other 1,463 1,291 -11.8 1.6 1.3 -0.3 Polestar 384 312 -18.8 0.4 0.3 -0.1 Porsche 572 1,367 139.0 0.6 1.4 0.8 Rivian 3,160 2,885 -8.7 3.5 3.0 -0.5 Subaru 333 925 177.8 0.4 1.0 0.6 Tesla 49,875 42,322 -15.1 55.5 43.9 -11.6 Toyota 1,041 1,886 81.2 1.2 2.0 0.8 Volkswagen 2,432 2,405 -1.1 2.7 2.5 -0.2 Volvo 338 639 89.1 0.4 0.7 0.3 CARB ACC2 mandate for 2026 model year vehicles: 35% Rank Model Type Regs. 1 Tesla Model Y BEV 23,314 2 Tesla Model 3 BEV 13,992 3 Honda Prologue BEV 4,493 4 Hyundai Ioniq 5 BEV 3,762 5 Ford Mustang Mach-E BEV 3,601 6 Chevrolet Equinox BEV 2,688 7 BMW i4 BEV 2,484 8 Tesla Cybertruck BEV 2,282 9 Volkswagen ID.4 BEV 2,123 10 Ford F-Series Lightning BEV 2,003 11 Rivian R1S BEV 1,953 12 Toyota bZ4X BEV 1,803 13 Tesla Model X BEV 1,800 14 BMW iX BEV 1,565 15 Kia EV6 BEV 1,501 16 Mercedes EQB BEV 1,498 17 Jeep Wrangler PHEV 1,435 18 Toyota RAV4 PHEV 1,423 19 Chevrolet Blazer EV BEV 1,385 20 Acura ZDX BEV 1,283 21 Toyota Prius PHEV 1,262 22 Kia EV9 BEV 1,168 23 Nissan Ariya BEV 1,139 24 Hyundai Ioniq 6 BEV 1,138 25 BMW X5 PHEV 1,024 CARB ACC2 mandate for 2027 model year vehicles: 43% CARB ACC2 mandate for 2028 model year vehicles: 51% The California Air Resources Board’s 2035 ZEV rule (also known as Advanced Clean Cars II) starts with the 2026 model year. The rule’s ZEV stringency requirement starts at 35% and increases steadily each year, culminating with 100% in 2035 33 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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