Official Publication of the California New Car Dealers Association Dealers Make Consumer Choice Possible Page 6 Driving the Next Generation of Dealers Inside CNCDA's 2025 NextGen Retreat Page 10 2025 ISSUE 3
BUSINESS LAW | LITIGATION | ESTATE PLANNING | REAL ESTATE | TAX | EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES FERRUZZO & FERRUZZO, LLP | A Limited Liability Partnership, including Professional Corporations FERRUZZO.COM | CALIFORNIA | TEXAS Business Transactions • Buy-Sell Agreements • Entity formation and structure • Shareholder Agreements • Manufacturer approvals and relations Employment Practices • Arbitration agreements • Wage and hour class action lawsuits • Private Attorneys General Act (PAGA) claims • Employee handbooks and compliance Estate Planning • Succession planning for business continuation • Family estate planning (wills and trusts) Tax • Property tax planning, audits and appeals • EDD audits Business Litigation • Consumer Legal Remedies Act lawsuits • Sales and Service Agreements • Disputes before the CA New Motor Vehicle Board • Manufacturer audit disputes • Hearings before the AQMD, RWQC and OSHA Real Estate • Dealership site acquisitions and lease agreements • Lender opinion letters An Automotive Industry Authority For over 40 years, Ferruzzo & Ferruzzo, LLP has been a leading authority in the Automotive Industry. Our team of auto-focused attorneys provide a spectrum of legal services to support every aspect of running and owning your new car and/or truck dealership. Solving Your Challenges, Together
Anticipate every turn In an industry that’s always evolving, your dealership can rely on our Dealer Financial Services team’s 90 years of experience to see what’s around the corner, forward-thinking insights to prepare you, and technology to keep you ahead of the curve. What would you like the power to do?® John Alexander, john.f.alexander@bofa.com James Diedrich, james.a.diedrich@bofa.com Eugene Gonzalez, eugene.gonzalez2@bofa.com Steve Hood, steve.hood@bofa.com Liane Low-Bevett, liane.low-bevett@bofa.com Crystal Moreno, crystal.e.moreno@bofa.com business.bofa.com/dealer ©2025 Bank of America Corporation. All rights reserved. 6942528 07-25-0215 Investment products offered by Investment Banking Affiliates: Are Not FDIC Insured Are Not Bank Guaranteed May Lose Value “Bank of America” and “BofA Securities” are the marketing names used by the Global Banking and Global Markets divisions of Bank of America Corporation. Lending, derivatives, other commercial banking activities, and trading in certain financial instruments are performed globally by banking affiliates of Bank of America Corporation, including Bank of America, N.A., Member FDIC. Trading in securities and financial instruments, and strategic advisory, and other investment banking activities, are performed globally by investment banking affiliates of Bank of America Corporation (“Investment Banking Affiliates”), including, in the United States, BofA Securities, Inc., which is a registered broker-dealer and Member of SIPC, and, in other jurisdictions, by locally registered entities. BofA Securities, Inc. is a registered futures commission merchant with the CFTC and a member of the NFA. Anticipate every turn In an industry that’s always evolving, your dealership can rely on our Dealer Financial Services team’s 90 years of experience to see what’s around the corner, forward-thinking insights to prepare you, and technology to keep you ahead of the curve. What would you like the power to do?® John Alexander, john.f.alexander@bofa.com James Diedrich, james.a.diedrich@bofa.com Eugene Gonzalez, eugene.gonzalez2@bofa.com Steve Hood, steve.hood@bofa.com Liane Low-Bevett, liane.low-bevett@bofa.com Crystal Moreno, crystal.e.moreno@bofa.com business.bofa.com/dealer ©2025 Bank of America Corporation. All rights reserved. 6942528 07-25-0215 Investment products offered by Investment Banking Affiliates: Are Not FDIC Insured Are Not Bank Guaranteed May Lose Value “Bank of America” and “BofA Securities” are the marketing names used by the Global Banking and Global Markets divisions of Bank of America Corporation. Lending, derivatives, other commercial banking activities, and trading in certain financial instruments are performed globally by banking affiliates of Bank of America Corporation, including Bank of America, N.A., Member FDIC. Trading in securities and financial instruments, and strategic advisory, and other investment banking activities, are performed globally by investment banking affiliates of Bank of America Corporation (“Investment Banking Affiliates”), including, in the United States, BofA Securities, Inc., which is a registered broker-dealer and Member of SIPC, and, in other jurisdictions, by locally registered entities. BofA Securities, Inc. is a registered futures commission merchant with the CFTC and a member of the NFA.
6 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Consumer Choice Still Leads in California and Dealers Make It Possible By Brian Maas, President, CNCDA 8 2025 Officers and Directors 10 Driving the Next Generation of Dealers Inside CNCDA's 2025 NextGen Retreat By Autumn Heacox, Director of Communications & Marketing, and McKenna Bediamol, Administrative Coordinator, CNCDA 14 California to Regulate Use of AI in Employment Starting Oct. 1, 2025 By Scali Rasmussen 16 MANNING LEAVER LEGAL LANE CNCDA Sues Volkswagen and Honda Over Scout and Afeela Vehicles By Joseph Berberich, Partner, Manning, Leaver, Bruder & Berberich LLP 20 When Dealers Show Up, It Matters Jessie Dosanjh on Making Advocacy Personal 22 Sharing Good News By McKenna Bediamol, Administrative Coordinator, CNCDA 26 Thank You CNCDA 2025 Sponsors 27 Q2 2025 California Auto Outlook ©2025 The California New Car Dealers Association (CNCDA) | The newsLINK Group LLC. All rights reserved. California New Car Dealer Quarterly is published four times per year by The newsLINK Group LLC for CNCDA and is the official publication for this association. The information contained in this publication is intended to provide general information for review, consideration and education. The contents do not constitute legal advice and should not be relied on as such. If you need legal advice or assistance, it is strongly recommended that you contact an attorney as to your circumstances. The statements and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CNCDA, its board of directors or the publisher. Likewise, the appearance of advertisements within this publication does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation of any product or service advertised. California New Car Dealer Quarterly is a collective work, and as such, some articles are submitted by authors who are independent of CNCDA. While a first-print policy is encouraged, in cases where this is not possible, every effort has been made to comply with any known reprint guidelines or restrictions. Content may not be reproduced or reprinted without prior written permission. For further information, please contact the publisher at (855) 747-4003. 10 Contents 2025 ISSUE 3 1517 L St. Sacramento, CA 95814 www.cncda.org (916) 441-2599 Brian Maas President Michael Walsh, MBA Chief Financial Officer Anthony Bento Chief Legal Officer Crystal Bolaños Director of Education & Events Autumn Heacox Director of Communications & Marketing Cathy Mason Director of Operations Rebecca Matulich Director of Strategic Partnerships Les Swizer Legal & Regulatory Affairs Counsel Kenton Stanhope Director of Government Affairs Andrea Daugherty Political Engagement Manager Lauren Johnston Membership Manager Liza Hernandez Staff Accountant Stacy Barawed Executive Assistant McKenna Bediamol Administrative Coordinator Kim McPhaul CNCDA Foundation President Lewis Keys Program Manager Felicia Palombi Fund Development Manager Sonny Davey Program Coordinator 20
CNCDA is fighting to ensure our members aren’t boxed out by manufacturer overreach or unrealistic regulatory requirements. Consumer Choice Still Leads in California and Dealers Make It Possible By Brian Maas, President, CNCDA California’s vehicle market is shaped by consumer choice — not mandates, not manufacturers. Despite years of top-down pressure to electrify, Californians decide what type of vehicle works best for their daily lives. CNCDA’s most recent Auto Outlook Report shows a growing preference for hybrids and traditional engines over all-electric vehicles. That shift is not a rejection of clean and green technology, but a clear response to infrastructure gaps, range anxiety, limited affordability and flexibility concerns driving customers' buying decisions. Franchised dealers remain the most valuable connection between automakers and Californians. When someone walks into a dealership, they’re making one of the most significant financial decisions of their life. They expect real support, honest guidance and a relationship that lasts beyond their purchase. Our members provide trust, continuity and choice. If the state wants long-term EV adoption, it must work with our dealers who know how to serve people, not just sell units. Franchised dealers meet Californians where they are. Dealers also serve as the essential bridge between manufacturers and customers. It’s a bridge that the OEMs have repeatedly shown they cannot build or maintain on their own. Automakers excel at designing and producing vehicles, but struggle to meet people where they live and solve problems one-on-one. That’s where our dealers shine: on the ground, in the community and with the people who rely on them. Direct-to-consumer brands continue to fall short, and the results are showing. Time and again, these direct-to-consumer automakers generate buzz but fall short on service, support and trust. Buyers are smart enough to know that flashy tech and online order forms don’t replace dealer relationships built to serve over the long haul. Brands attempting to bypass the franchise system are now facing mounting customer dissatisfaction, declining sales and poor follow-through — not to mention the mounting pressure from CNCDA as we review the legality of these direct sales attempts. The strategic passage of our 2023 franchise bill, AB 473, makes it possible for our association to challenge these manufacturers today. CNCDA is the reason your dealer protections exist and why your bottom line is stronger today. CNCDA is fighting to ensure our members aren’t boxed out by manufacturer overreach or unrealistic regulatory requirements. We’re leading the charge on SB 791 to modernize the outdated $85 document processing cap, giving dealers the ability to recover state-mandated compliance costs. We’re enforcing the protections we wrote into AB 473 to ensure manufacturers can’t undercut their dealer partners. And we’re pushing back on overreaching regulations (like ACC2) that ignore market realities, and frankly, the everyday, hard-working people of the Golden State. With your continued membership and support, CNCDA will fight the good fight in Sacramento to ensure policymakers remember who truly puts Californians first: their local franchised dealers. PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 6 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
2025 Officers and Directors EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ROBB HERNANDEZ Chairman Camino Real Chevrolet JESSIE DOSANJH Vice Chairman Stevens Creek Chevrolet DEVINDER SINGH BAINS Secretary/Treasurer Turlock Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram DAVID SIMPSON Immediate Past Chairman Simpson Buick GMC Cadillac of Buena Park, Simpson Chevrolet of Garden Grove, Simpson Chevrolet of Irvine RICK NIELLO Region 1 Vice President The Niello Company MARK NORMANDIN Region 2 Vice President Normandin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram TED NICHOLAS Region 3 Vice President Three-Way Chevrolet Cadillac JOHN OH Region 4 Vice President Lexus of Westminster RINALDI HALIM Region 5 Vice President Sierra Automotive Group 8 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Randy Denham SJ Denham Inc. Matthew Hall AutoNation Western Region Taz Harvey Dublin Mazda Rick Niello The Niello Company Tony Toohey Auburn Toyota Jessie Dosanjh Stevens Creek Chevrolet Ryan Fitzpatrick Coliseum Lexus of Oakland Dave Moeller City Toyota Mark Normandin Normandin Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Devinder Singh Bains Turlock Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Cheryl Bedford Sunset Auto Center Don Groppetti Nissan of Visalia Bill Hatfield Hatfield Buick GMC Ted Nicholas Three-Way Chevrolet Cadillac Ellena Woodhams‑Sweet Fresno Acura James Graham Santa Margarita Ford Bruce Hamlin Guaranty Chevrolet Motors Inc. Jared Hardin Hardin Buick GMC John Oh Lexus of Westminster David Simpson Simpson Buick GMC Cadillac of Buena Park Anne Boland Bob Smith BMW Tom George Thorson Motor Center Sal Gonzalez Culver City Volvo Rinaldi Halim Sierra Automotive Group Robb Hernandez Camino Real Chevrolet DIRECTORS REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 REGION 4 REGION 5 9 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Driving the Next Generation of Dealers INSIDE CNCDA'S 2025 NEXTGEN RETREAT By Autumn Heacox, Director of Communications & Marketing, and McKenna Bediamol, Administrative Coordinator, CNCDA 10 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Last month, CNCDA was pleased to welcome over 20 attendees to our 3rd Annual NextGen Retreat held at the Pendry Hotel in San Diego. Day one opened with the NextGen Steering Committee meeting to reaffirm the group’s mission, discuss the group’s future direction and solidify goals for the upcoming year. NextGen members from across California arrived in the afternoon. They then gathered for introductions, sponsor insights from Matt Armstrong of Vitu, Zach Hall of ACV and Matt Applegate of Federated Insurance. CNCDA Chief Legal Officer Anthony Bento then provided the most up-to-date legal and compliance updates. The day concluded with ACV’s sponsor-hosted happy hour, followed by dinner, where NextGen members had more opportunities to connect over food and drinks. On the second day, we engaged in discussions with California’s dealer industry leaders Robb Hernandez, CNCDA Chairman and President of Camino Real Chevrolet, and Manny Sedano, Principal of Sedano Auto Group, sharing their dealership stories of success, how to make it in the business and their extensive industry knowledge. The retreat concluded with another speaker, David Spisak, President and Founder of Disruptive Growth Solutions, who shared valuable business development advice, employee retention insights and best practices from dealers across the nation. We sincerely thank all NextGen members, speakers and our amazing sponsors for participating in our retreat and connecting with each other. We look forward to what CNCDA NextGen will accomplish together in the year ahead! 11 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Thank You to All Who Attended! • Matt Applegate, Federated Insurance • Matt Armstrong, Vitu • McKenna Bediamol, CNCDA • Anthony Benfatti, Jaguar Land Rover Carlsbad • Anthony Bento, CNCDA • Jeremy Cappalo, Reliable Buick GMC Cadillac • Joe Castelino, American Motors Group • Connor Cook, Herman Cook Volkswagen • Ashley Farrell, Theodore Robins Ford • Jacob Haddad, Haddad Dodge Ram • Josh Haddad, Haddad Kia • Zach Hall, ACV • Autumn Heacox, CNCDA • Tanner Hedrick, Hedrick's Chevrolet • Robb Hernandez, Camino Real Chevrolet • Katherine McKoane, Clawson Honda of Fresno • Allison McKoane, Clawson Honda of Fresno • Scott Normandin, Normandin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram FIAT • Kyle Patterson, Chuck Patterson Toyota • Manny Sedano, Sedano Auto Group • Seth Simpson, Simpson Chevrolet of Garden Grove • Alex Simpson, Simpson Chevrolet of Irvine • David Spisak, Disruptive Growth Solutions • Austin Steves, Steves Chevrolet of Oakdale 12 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Top 2025-26 NextGen Priorities • Host quarterly virtual meetings to keep NextGen members engaged. • Make the NextGen program financially self-sustaining through sponsorships and registrations. • Continue hosting our Annual NextGen Dealer Day Reception and Conference. • Increase PAC awareness and contributions for NADA and CNCDA, strengthening our overall giving and positioning us to lead the nation in PAC participation. To join us and help meet our ambitious goals, email Autumn Heacox, Director of Communications, at aheacox@cncda.org. 13 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
California to Regulate Use of AI in Employment Starting Oct. 1, 2025 By Scali Rasmussen California is set to implement new regulations governing the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision systems (ADS) in employment decisions, starting Oct. 1, 2025. These regulations, approved by the California Civil Rights Council on June 27, 2025, aim to clarify how existing anti-discrimination laws apply to the use of emerging technologies in the workplace. Businesses have increasingly turned to using AI to increase efficiency in workplaces and hiring. The regulations make clear that using an ADS may violate California law if it harms applicants or employees based on gender, race, disability or other protected characteristics. They also require employers to maintain employment records, including automated-decision data for a minimum of four years. The regulations amend the California Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) to provide definitions for AI, ADS and the like. They also require notice to all applicants and employees when an ADS is used in employment decision-making. Another key requirement is providing reasonable accommodations when ADS tools evaluate attributes that may be impacted by disabilities or religious needs. California employers should review the new regulations and assess their impact. This includes auditing and updating policies, evaluating AI/ADS tools, reviewing vendor agreements, training staff and ensuring transparency with applicants and employees. Stay tuned for our annual New Laws publication in Ahead of the Curve, which will feature new employment, business and automotive laws passed in 2025. Scan the QR code to view last year’s publication. https://mailchi.mp/scalilaw/ ahead-of-the-curve-16534719 Stay informed on the latest laws and trends affecting the Automotive Industry with Scali Rasmussen’s Coffee Break. This monthly newsletter provides a quick shot of corporate compliance and ethics topics, including dealership human resource topics, wage and hour regulations, advertising and regulatory compliance and other current issues affecting dealership operations. Scan the QR code and sign up to receive timely news and legal alerts. https://scalirasmussen.us7.list-manage.com/subscribe? u=e3fb7f9c982e5a948ac5f6646&id=e272b77b39 14 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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MANNING LEAVER LEGAL LANE CNCDA Sues Volkswagen and Honda Over Scout and Afeela Vehicles By Joseph Berberich, Partner, Manning, Leaver, Bruder & Berberich LLP Two major manufacturers are preparing to sell vehicles directly to consumers in California without using franchised new motor vehicle dealers in a clear violation of California law. Acting through Volkswagen entities, Scout Motors, a Volkswagen affiliate, plans to commence sales of Scout vehicles in 2027. Sony Honda Mobility of America, a joint venture between Honda and Sony, plans to start selling its Afeela vehicles in the spring of 2026. Scout Vehicles On Oct. 24, 2024, Scout Motors announced its plans to manufacture a Scout Traveler SUV and a Scout Terra pickup truck with initial production targeted for 2027. Scout Motors says it is an independent startup and will have an exclusive Scout Motors retail network. It plans to build dedicated retail facilities called Scout Studios to engage customers and Scout Workshops for vehicle service needs. Scout Motors, a DMV-licensed manufacturer and Scout Motors Sales, a DMV-licensed vehicle dealer, plan to sell Scout vehicles directly to customers without using the new motor vehicle franchise model of independent new motor vehicle dealers who purchase vehicles from manufacturers and sell them to customers. Scout Motors’ website, www.scoutmotors.com, is one of the ways Scout Motors markets its company and its vehicles. The website advertises the anticipated prices of the Scout Traveler and Terra vehicles and provides detailed information about the vehicles and Scout Motors. On its website, Scout Motors solicits customers to pay $100 to reserve a Scout vehicle for purchase or lease and provides an online reservation system for interested customers. It is reported that Scout has received over 50,000 reservations. Afeela Vehicles On March 4, 2022, Sony Group Corporation and Honda Motor Co. Ltd. issued a news release announcing they had signed a memorandum of understanding outlining their intent to establish a joint venture to develop high-value-added electric vehicles (EVs). The announcement stated: “This alliance aims to bring together Honda’s mobility development capabilities, vehicle body manufacturing technology and after-sales service management experience cultivated over many years, with Sony’s expertise in the development and application of imaging, sensing, telecommunication, network and entertainment technologies ...” The announcement further said: “The new company is expected to plan, design, develop and sell the EVs, but not own and operate the manufacturing facilities, so Honda is expected to be responsible for manufacturing the first EV model at its manufacturing plant. It is expected that a mobility service platform will be developed by Sony and made available to the new company.” Honda and Sony formed Sony Honda Mobility of America in 2023 and has both a manufacturer and a vehicle dealer DMV license. It is actively marketing its Afeela vehicles on its website at www.shm-afeela.com and in many other ways. It solicits customers through its website to pay a $200 fee to reserve a purchase of the vehicle. Like Scout, Sony Honda plans to sell its vehicles directly to customers without using independent, franchised new motor vehicle dealers. Afeela vehicles will be serviced by Crash Champions, which has an extensive network of vehicle collision repair locations. Sony Honda will begin pre-delivery preparations in the spring of 2026. 16 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
CNCDA-Sponsored Legislation To Protect the Franchise System In 2023, the California Legislature enacted AB 473, CNCDA-sponsored legislation, to protect franchised new motor vehicle dealers. Subsection (b) of Section A of that legislation provides: “The new motor vehicle franchise system, which operates within a strictly defined and highly regulated statutory scheme, ensures the consuming public of a well-organized distribution system for the availability and sale of new motor vehicles throughout the state, provides a network of quality warranty, recall and repair facilities to maintain those vehicles, and creates a cost-effective method for the state to police those systems through the licensing and regulation of private sector franchisors and franchisees.” Vehicle Code Section 11713.13 (o)(1) is a very significant provision of AB 473. It provides: “It is unlawful and a violation of this code for a manufacturer, manufacturer branch, distributor or distributor branch licensed pursuant to this code to do, directly or indirectly through an affiliate, any of the following: to compete with their franchisees in the sale, lease or warranty service of new motor vehicles.” Subsection (z)(1) of Section 11713.13 adds an important element to the prohibition of manufacturer competition by defining an affiliate: “Affiliate” means a person who directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under the common direction and control with, another person. “Control” means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of any person.” This is important because manufacturers are not allowed to compete with franchised dealers by acting through affiliates, and that is exactly what Volkswagen and Honda are doing with the Scout and Afeela vehicles. The CNCDA Lawsuits CNCDA has filed a lawsuit over the Scout vehicles against Volkswagen Group of America, Volkswagen AG, Scout Motors and Scout Motors Sales LLC, which is pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California. CNCDA has also filed a lawsuit over the Afeela vehicles against American Honda Motor Co., Sony Honda Mobility of America, and Sony Honda Mobility, which is pending in the Los Angeles County Superior Court. Both lawsuits allege that the defendants have violated 17 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Stay compliant. Protect your bottom line. We have a combined 95 years of experience helping automobile dealers comply with EPA, IIP and OSHA regulations. Let our experts show you a new approach for managing compliance at your dealership. (562) 704-4000 cellyservices.com Spend less time on compliance issues and more time running your dealership. LET’S TALK! California Business and Professions Code Section 17200, which prohibits unfair competition, among other things, and unlawful and unfair business acts or practices. Both lawsuits also claim that taking reservation deposits is a false advertisement under California Business and Professions Code Section 17500 because of the unlawfulness of the direct-to-consumer sales model. Both CNCDA lawsuits are asking the court to declare that the Volkswagen and Honda direct-to-consumer sales and service model, and taking reservations, are a direct violation of Vehicle Code Section 11713.13 (o)(1). The lawsuits also request that the unlawful behavior of the defendants be permanently prohibited. If the court rules that the activities of the defendants are unlawful, the DMV could charge the defendants who are licensed with license violations and ask that their licenses be revoked, suspended or put on probationary status. The actions of the defendants appear to be clear violations of California law, so stay tuned for further developments. Manning, Leaver, Bruder & Berberich LLP is a Los Angeles law firm that practices throughout California and has been in existence for over 100 years. It has a strong automobile dealer practice covering all areas related to the automobile dealer industry, including dealership buy-sells, real estate transactions, business and consumer litigation, regulatory compliance, dealer association law, new motor vehicle board matters and franchise law. See manningleaver.com for more information and areas of practice. Nothing in this article may be considered as legal advice. Contact legal counsel for legal advice. 18 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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When Dealers Show Up, It Matters JESSIE DOSANJH ON MAKING ADVOCACY PERSONAL The following is an interview with Jessie Dosanjh, CNCDA Vice Chairman and President of the Dosanjh Family Auto Group. What first inspired you to get involved in advocacy? Being invited as a NextGen attendee to Washington, D.C., was my first introduction to automotive advocacy. The experience allowed me to understand that advocacy is necessary to ensure that new car dealers’ concerns are addressed, particularly with so many other groups operating within the same space. Was there a specific moment or issue that made you want to get involved? The enforceability of employer arbitration agreements was my first involvement in advocacy. As an attorney, the impact of this issue resonated with me. What’s been your most rewarding moment when it comes to advocacy? The most rewarding moment was receiving the governor’s signature on the franchise bill AB 473 (2023), as I knew how much effort and time CNCDA staff put into the issue. What tips would you give someone just starting out or wanting to get more involved in advocacy? I would suggest attending Dealer Day*, as it is an eye-opening experience to see the importance of individual meetings with legislators from your district. One meeting can have a significant impact on a very important issue, as legislators highly value feedback from their constituents. * Editor’s note: Dealer Day 2026 will take place in Sacramento on Tuesday, April 7, 2026. I would also suggest finding opportunities to meet with your elected officials. Meet and greets, in-district events and hosting legislators at your dealership are all very effective 20 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
ways to engage and get to know them better. I also find supporting their campaigns with a contribution to be an invaluable relationship-building tool. They never forget your support, and it shows that we are allies who believe in and appreciate their work. If you ever have any questions about doing any of these things, I encourage you to reach out to Kenton Stanhope, CNCDA Director of Government Affairs, at kstanhope@cncda.org. Based on your experience, what do you think are some easy ways to stay engaged and make a difference? In addition to attending Dealer Day, I recommend CNCDA webinars and in-person meetings, which often cover pending issues that can have a significant impact on our industry and business. As such, these insights can open avenues for members to become personally engaged and make a difference. Another easy way to participate is by taking action when you receive an advocacy alert from CNCDA. These alerts focus on proposed legislation that have major impacts on our industry, both good and bad. By taking a moment to click “send” on these alerts, you ensure your voice is heard in Sacramento and demonstrate that you are engaged on the issues that matter most to your dealership. 21 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Sharing Good News By McKenna Bediamol, Administrative Coordinator, CNCDA At CNCDA, we are proud to recognize the many ways our members give back to their communities. For the past two years, we’ve been gathering and sharing stories of dealers’ philanthropic efforts on our website and social media channels. From hosting donation drives to sponsoring local events and supporting schools, these stories showcase that our members are far more than dealers; they are vital community stewards who provide meaningful support to those most in need. You can explore these inspiring community stories on our monthly Sharing Good News pages in the News section at www.cncda.org. If you’d like to be featured, send us your good news by emailing communications@cncda.org. Toyota of Santa Barbara Toyota of Santa Barbara was the proud venue sponsor of the Special Olympics Southern California — Santa Barbara Basketball Competition held at the UCSB Thunderdome. (IG: @toyota_of_santa_barbara) Hansel Auto Group Hansel Auto Group donated $10 million to Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital to expand healthcare through what will now be the Hansel Family Care Center. (IG: @hanselautogroup) 22 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Tustin Mazda Tustin Mazda, part of Patterson Autos, donated $30,000 to the Orange County Rescue Mission, supporting people in overcoming homelessness and raising awareness in the community. (IG: @tustinmazda) Giant Chevrolet Cadillac Giant Chevrolet Cadillac presented the Roy Petty Giant Chevrolet Cadillac Vocational Educational Memorial Scholarship at VTEC High School in Visalia. (IG: @giant.chevrolet.cadillac) Subaru Sherman Oaks Subaru Sherman Oaks donated $100,000 to the LA Firefighters Foundation and hosted local firefighters for lunch at the dealership. (IG: @subarushermanoaks) 23 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Dalton Subaru Dalton Subaru donated 80 warm blankets and 30 patient care kits to patients at the Scripps Cancer Center in support of the Subaru Loves to Care®️ initiative. (IG: @subarudalton) Victory Automotive Group Victory Automotive Group donated vehicles to 30 families affected by the Eaton Fire in Los Angeles. Hoehn Motors Bill and Susan Hoehn of Hoehn Motors supported the renovation of the San Diego Rescue Mission, expanding housing programs and support services in the community. (IG: @hoehnmotors) 24 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Jim Burke Ford Bakersfield Jim Burke Ford Bakersfield hosted a lemonade stand through their Ford Dream Builders team to raise money for Honor Flight Kern County 1941, sending veterans to visit memorials built in their honor. (IG: @jimburkefordbakersfield) Gold Rush Subaru The Gold Rush Subaru staff volunteered at the annual Earth Day Clean Up along the American River in Auburn, California. (IG: @goldrushsubaru) 25 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
26 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
California Auto Outlook Comprehensive Information on the California Vehicle Market Volume 21, Number 2 Released July 2025 Covering Second Quarter 2025 TM Publication Sponsored By: New Vehicle Registrations Predicted to Decline in Second Half of ‘25 TWO YEAR PERSPECTIVE Historical Data sourced from Experian Automotive. *2025 forecast by Auto Outlook. Projections do not reflect potential sales reductions due to non-economic regulatory impacts. Historical figures have been updated since the previous release. California Annual New Light Vehicle Registrations - 2010 thru 2025 ANNUAL TRENDS QUARTERLY RESULTS California Quarterly New Light Vehicle Registrations Percent Change vs. Year Earlier Data sourced from Experian Automotive. 1.08 1.19 1.49 1.66 1.78 1.99 2.03 2.03 1.99 1.89 1.60 1.77 1.58 1.76 1.75 1.72 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20 '21 '22 '23 '24 '25* New vehicle regs. (millions) Years California U.S. YTD '24 YTD '25 Change YTD '24 YTD '25 Change Registrations TOTAL 886,492 944,834 6.6% 7,730,864 8,240,579 6.6% Car 245,231 249,010 1.5% 1,475,524 1,448,691 -1.8% Light Truck 641,261 695,824 8.5% 6,255,340 6,791,888 8.6% Domestic 294,654 304,007 3.2% 3,219,946 3,441,745 6.9% European 131,748 134,257 1.9% 788,862 807,849 2.4% Japanese 375,255 409,547 9.1% 2,924,754 3,091,737 5.7% Other Asian 84,835 97,023 14.4% 797,302 899,248 12.8% Market Share Car 27.7 26.4 -1.3 19.1 17.6 -1.5 Light Truck 72.3 73.6 1.3 80.9 82.4 1.5 Domestic 33.2 32.2 -1.0 41.7 41.8 0.1 European 14.9 14.2 -0.7 10.2 9.8 -0.4 Japanese 42.4 43.3 0.9 37.8 37.5 -0.3 Other Asian 9.6 10.3 0.7 10.3 10.9 0.6 Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Other Asian brands includes Genesis, Hyundai, Kia, and VinFast. 0.1% -2.4% -4.1% 3.9% 7.8% 5.5% 1Q '24 vs. 1Q '23 2Q '24 vs. 2Q '23 3Q '24 vs. 3Q '23 4Q '24 vs. 4Q '23 1Q '25 vs. 1Q '24 2Q '25 vs. 2Q '24 % change vs. year earlier California and U.S New Light Vehicle Registrations Year to date 2024 and 2025 thru June Market got off to a strong start in first half of this year State new light vehicle registrations increased 6.6 percent during the first six months of this year versus a year earlier, identical to the U.S. market. New vehicle sales outlook expected to take a turn The prospects of higher tariffs will likely lead to rising vehicle prices, and at least in the short run, increasing inflation, lower economic growth, and stagnant household disposable income, all negatives for new vehicle sales. In addition, sales were pulled ahead this year as shoppers advanced purchases due to the anticipation of higher vehicle prices resulting from tariffs. Registrations expected to decline in second half of 2025 New vehicle registrations in the second half of the year are projected to decline by about nine percent from the year earlier. Annual total is projected to fall just short of the 1.75 million units in 2024. There is heightened uncertainty with the new vehicle sales outlook At present, this forecast is a worst case scenario. Baseline assumption is that there will be a measurable increase in tariffs that will remain in place for an extended period. If tariffs revert to levels at the beginning of this year, state registrations could exceed 1.8 million units Hybrid vehicles post big gains; ZEV share continues to slide Hybrid vehicle registrations increased 54 percent in the first half of this year and accounted for 19.2 percent of the market. ZEV share in 2Q ‘25 fell to 18.2 percent, but is likely to increase in 3Q as consumers purchase vehicles before federal government incentives expire at the of September. KEY TRENDS IN NEW VEHICLE MARKET 27 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Page 2 California Auto Outlook Gasoline, 55.3% Electric (BEV), 19.5% Hybrid, 19.2% Plug In Hybrid (PHEV), 3.8% Diesel, 2.2% Fuel Cell, 0.0% Annual Registrations and Market Share Quarterly Registrations and Market Share 2021 2022 2023 2024 YTD '25 2Q '24 3Q '24 4Q '24 1Q '25 2Q '25 ZEV registrations 164521 262317 382481 385907 184234 ZEV registrations 101170 101544 93406 96015 88219 ZEV share 9.3% 16.6% 21.7% 22.0% 19.5% ZEV share 22.0% 23.8% 21.3% 20.8% 18.2% Hybrid regs. (excl. plug ins) 160033 144413 196245 258467 181192 Hybrid regs. (excl. plug ins) 61696 64071 76684 82700 98492 Hybrid share (excl. plug ins) 9.1% 9.1% 11.1% 14.8% 19.2% Hybrid share (excl. plug ins) 13.4% 15.0% 17.5% 17.9% 20.3% PHEV regs. 54265 42473 60685 61305 36266 PHEV regs. 15001 14732 15672 17269 18997 PHEV share 3.1% 2.7% 3.4% 3.5% 3.8% PHEV share 3.3% 3.4% 3.6% 3.7% 3.9% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 YTD '25 Market Share ZEVs Hybrids (excl. plug ins) PHEVs 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 3Q '23 4Q '23 1Q '24 2Q '24 3Q '24 4Q '24 1Q '25 2Q '25 Market Share ZEVs Hybrids (excl. plug ins) PHEVs Vehicle Powertrain Dashboard Annual Quarterly Data sourced from Experian Automotive. ZEVs are full battery electric vehicles and include fuel cell vehicles. PHEVs are plug in hybrids. Hybrid vehicle registrations and market share excludes mild hybrids. ZEV share fell from 22.0% in 2024 to 19.5% during the first six months of 2025. Market Share for all Powertrain Types - YTD 2025 thru June California and U.S. Markets California ZEV market share YTD 2025 19.5% ❏ Gasoline powered vehicles accounted for 55.3 percent of state new vehicle registrations during the first six months of this year. ❏ ICE market share (including gasoline and diesel vehicles) was 57.5 so far this year, down from 61.7 percent in the first half of 2024 and 88.4 percent in 2018. ❏ Combined share for BEVs, PHEVs, hybrids, and fuel cell vehicles was 42.5 percent in the first half of 2025, up from just 11.6 percent in 2018. Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Market Share U.S. ZEV market share YTD 2025 7.8% California share of U.S. ZEV registrations YTD 2025 28.6% Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Data sourced from Experian Automotive. ZEV market share declined from 20.8% in Q1 ‘25 to 18.2% in Q2 ‘25. 28 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Page 3 California Auto Outlook Vehicle Powertrain Dashboard Make and Model Registrations for Hybrids, ZEVs, and PHEVs in California ZEVs are full battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles. PHEVs are plug in hybrids. Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Top 25 Selling Hybrid, ZEV, and PHEV Models - YTD 2025 thru June Rank Model Type Regs. 1 Tesla Model Y ZEV 44,112 2 Tesla Model 3 ZEV 31,394 3 Toyota Camry Hybrid 30,464 4 Honda CR-V Hybrid 20,075 5 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 16,683 6 Honda Civic Hybrid 10,685 7 Honda Accord Hybrid 9,592 8 Toyota Corolla Hybrid 8,211 9 Hyundai Ioniq 5 ZEV 7,498 10 Toyota Sienna Hybrid 7,259 11 Toyota Prius Hybrid 7,081 12 Ford Maverick Hybrid 6,024 13 Honda Prologue ZEV 5,931 14 Ford Mustang Mach-E ZEV 5,594 15 Chevrolet Equinox ZEV 5,584 16 BMW i4 ZEV 5,396 17 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid 4,698 18 Lexus NX Hybrid 4,487 19 Lexus RX Hybrid 4,427 20 Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid 4,416 21 Jeep Wrangler PHEV 4,322 22 Rivian R1S ZEV 4,071 23 Nissan Ariya ZEV 3,798 24 Hyundai Santa Fe Hybrid 3,750 25 Tesla Cybertruck ZEV 3,622 California New Zero Emission Vehicle Registrations by Make YTD 2024 and YTD 2025 thru June Registrations Market Share (%) YTD '24 YTD '25 % Change YTD '24 YTD '25 Change TOTAL 190,957 184,234 -3.5 Acura 18 3,321 -- 0.0 1.8 1.8 Audi 5,584 4,774 -14.5 2.9 2.6 -0.3 BMW 9,710 10,662 9.8 5.1 5.8 0.7 Cadillac 2,398 3,580 49.3 1.3 1.9 0.6 Chevrolet 5,592 10,096 80.5 2.9 5.5 2.6 Dodge 0 405 -- 0.0 0.2 0.2 Ford 8,636 9,164 6.1 4.5 5.0 0.5 Genesis 957 947 -1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 GMC 772 1,923 149.1 0.4 1.0 0.6 Honda 277 6,000 -- 0.1 3.3 3.2 Hyundai 10,885 10,439 -4.1 5.7 5.7 0.0 Jaguar 823 670 -18.6 0.4 0.4 0.0 Jeep 0 586 -- 0.0 0.3 0.3 Kia 7,337 4,459 -39.2 3.8 2.4 -1.4 Lexus 2,338 1,570 -32.8 1.2 0.9 -0.3 Maserati 0 4 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mazda 3 2 -33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mercedes 9,111 6,813 -25.2 4.8 3.7 -1.1 MINI 525 409 -22.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1 Nissan 2,760 4,358 57.9 1.4 2.4 1.0 Other 3,497 2,500 -28.5 1.8 1.4 -0.4 Polestar 974 690 -29.2 0.5 0.4 -0.1 Porsche 1,026 2,636 156.9 0.5 1.4 0.9 Ram 3 4 33.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 Rivian 6,899 5,551 -19.5 3.6 3.0 -0.6 Subaru 1,130 1,670 47.8 0.6 0.9 0.3 Tesla 101,991 83,375 -18.3 53.4 45.3 -8.1 Toyota 3,278 2,928 -10.7 1.7 1.6 -0.1 Volkswagen 3,905 3,306 -15.3 2.0 1.8 -0.2 Volvo 528 1,392 163.6 0.3 0.8 0.5 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 YTD '24 YTD '25 YTD '24 YTD '25 YTD '24 YTD '25 Hybrid ZEV PHEV New vehicle registrations Franchised Direct Alternative Powertrain Sales by Type of Selling Dealership - YTD ‘24 and ‘25, thru June ❏ The graph on the left shows new vehicle registrations for Hybrids, ZEVs, and PHEVs broken down by type of selling dealership. Franchised dealerships accounted for more than 77 percent of combined sales for all three alternative powertrain types. ❏ Franchised dealership share of the ZEV only market increased to 50.5 percent so far this year, up from 41.2 percent a year earlier. ❏ Sales of ZEVs at franchised dealerships increased 18.3 percent so far this year, compared to the 18.8 percent drop for direct sellers. Data sourced from Experian Automotive. 29 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Covering Second Quarter 2025 Page 4 The table below shows the top five selling models during the first six months of 2025 in 18 segments. In addition to unit registrations, it also shows each model’s market share in its respective segment. MODEL RANKINGS Tesla Model Y and Toyota RAV4 are Top-Sellers in California New Vehicle Market BEST SELLERS IN PRIMARY SEGMENTS Small Cars: Honda Civic Full Size Pickup: Ford F-Series Mid-Size and Large Cars: Toyota Camry Compact SUV: Toyota RAV4 Near Luxury Cars: Tesla Model 3 2 Row Mid-Size SUV: Hyundai Santa Fe Comp./Mid Size Pickup: Toyota Tacoma Luxury Mid-Size SUV: Lexus RX Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Figures for Prius include Prius Prime. Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Honda Civic 28531 30.4 Toyota Camry 30490 47.3 Ford Mustang 2227 43.7 Tesla Model 3 31394 50.6 Toyota Corolla 19384 20.6 Honda Accord 14476 22.5 Toyota 86 1138 22.3 BMW i4 5396 8.7 Toyota Prius 9280 9.9 Nissan Altima 6532 10.1 Mazda MX5 699 13.7 Lexus ES 5233 8.4 Kia K4/Forte 8475 9.0 Hyundai Sonata 4579 7.1 Subaru BRZ 373 7.3 Mercedes C-Class 3816 6.2 Nissan Sentra 7448 7.9 Kia K5 3854 6.0 Nissan Z 323 6.3 BMW 3-Series 3001 4.8 Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Lucid Air 1898 8.1 Toyota Tacoma 21845 49.5 Ford F-Series 20346 26.3 Toyota Sienna 7259 38.0 Mercedes CLE-Class 1857 7.9 Ford Maverick 7917 18.0 Chevrolet Silverado 17985 23.2 Honda Odyssey 4457 23.3 BMW 5-Series 1835 7.8 Chevrolet Colorado 3504 7.9 Ram Pickup 10350 13.4 Kia Carnival 4156 21.7 Mercedes E-Class 1812 7.7 Ford Ranger 2827 6.4 GMC Sierra 10289 13.3 Chrysler Pacifica 2498 13.1 BMW i5 1696 7.2 Nissan Frontier 2161 4.9 Toyota Tundra 8614 11.1 Volkswagen ID.Buzz 568 3.0 Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Ford Transit Connect 4602 35.2 Honda HR-V 10667 16.0 Toyota RAV4 33960 20.0 Hyundai Santa Fe 6433 15.2 Mercedes Sprinter 3083 23.6 Subaru Crosstrek 9568 14.4 Honda CR-V 29618 17.4 Subaru Outback 6169 14.5 Ram Promaster 1614 12.3 Chevrolet Trax 8669 13.0 Chevrolet Equinox 10580 6.2 Honda Prologue 5931 14.0 Ford E-Series 1373 10.5 Toyota Corolla Cross 8013 12.0 Hyundai Tucson 9070 5.3 Ford Mustang Mach-E 5594 13.2 Chevrolet Express 1104 8.4 Nissan Kicks 4493 6.7 Jeep Wrangler 8516 5.0 Jeep Grand Cherokee 3853 9.1 Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Ford Explorer 7158 12.1 Ford Bronco 6867 26.2 Mercedes EQB 2604 18.3 Tesla Model Y 44112 52.2 Toyota Grand Highlander7117 12.0 Chevrolet Tahoe 4165 15.9 Audi Q3 2045 14.4 Lexus NX 8340 9.9 Honda Pilot 6910 11.7 Toyota Land Cruiser 3583 13.7 Mercedes GLA-Class 2027 14.3 Mercedes GLC-Class 7207 8.5 Kia Sorento 5516 9.3 Chevrolet Suburban 3114 11.9 BMW X1 1553 10.9 BMW X3 4044 4.8 Kia Telluride 5075 8.6 Ford Expedition 1933 7.4 Lexus UX 1385 9.8 Porsche Macan 3644 4.3 Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Lexus RX 9153 16.0 Rivian R1S 4071 18.5 Tesla Model 3 31394 12.6 Tesla Model Y 44112 6.3 Mercedes GLE-Class 5695 9.9 Lexus TX 3158 14.4 Toyota Camry 30490 12.2 Toyota RAV4 33960 4.9 BMW X5 5206 9.1 Land Rover Range Rover 2770 12.6 Honda Civic 28531 11.5 Honda CR-V 29618 4.3 Acura ZDX 3321 5.8 Cadillac Escalade 2751 12.5 Toyota Corolla 19384 7.8 Toyota Tacoma 21845 3.1 BMW iX 2847 5.0 BMW X7 1927 8.8 Honda Accord 14476 5.8 Ford F-Series 20346 2.9 Luxury and High End Sports Cars Compact/Mid Size Pickup Full Size Pickup Mini Van Top Selling Models in Each Segment - New Retail Light Vehicle Registrations (YTD '25 thru June) Small Cars Mid Size and Large Cars Sports/Pony Cars Near Luxury Cars Luxury Mid Size SUV Luxury Large SUV Top Selling Passenger Cars Top Selling Light Trucks Large Van Subcompact SUV Compact SUV 2 Row Mid Size SUV 3 Row Mid Size SUV Large SUV Luxury Subcompact SUV Luxury Compact SUV 30 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Page 5 California Auto Outlook 4.0% 3.6% 2.6% 4.2% 2.3% 2.2% 2.1% 5.5% 5.3% 5.1% 11.3% 12.1% 3.4% 8.3% 12.8% 2.1% 2.3% 2.5% 3.3% 3.6% 3.7% 4.1% 4.2% 4.9% 4.9% 6.6% 7.7% 8.8% 11.0% 17.3% 0.0% 6.0% 12.0% 18.0% GMC Jeep Mazda Subaru Lexus BMW Mercedes Nissan Hyundai Kia Chevrolet Ford Tesla Honda Toyota Market Share State U.S. BRAND SUMMARY Registrations Increased by More Than 20 Percent for Seven Brands; Toyota and Honda are Market Leaders Registrations increased by more than 20 percent for Buick, Jeep, Acura, Genesis, Cadillac, Land Rover, and Chevrolet California and U.S. Market Share - YTD 2025 thru March (Top 15 selling brands in CA) Percent Change in Brand Registrations YTD 2025 thru June vs. YTD 2024 (Top 30 selling brands in CA) Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Toyota, Honda, Tesla, Ford, and Chevrolet were market share leaders in California. -58.9% -19.5% -19.4% -18.3% -15.3% -5.2% 0.5% 3.5% 4.2% 5.3% 8.3% 8.5% 9.9% 9.9% 10.5% 11.4% 13.3% 14.5% 17.3% 17.6% 18.3% 19.3% 19.9% 21.0% 23.5% 28.0% 33.4% 45.6% 47.9% 131.1% Dodge Rivian Volkswagen Tesla Audi Volvo Subaru Lexus BMW MINI Chrysler Toyota Honda Kia Ford Nissan Lincoln GMC Mercedes Ram Porsche Mazda Hyundai Chevrolet Land Rover Cadillac Genesis Acura Jeep Buick 31 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Covering Second Quarter 2025 Page 6 BRAND REGISTRATIONS Detailed Results for All Brands in California Market The table above shows new light vehicle (car and light truck) registrations in California. Figures are shown for the Second Quarters of 2024 and 2025, and year-to-date totals. Vehicle registrations are recorded based on when the vehicle title information is processed by the state, which typically occurs after the vehicle is sold. The top ten ranked brands for change in market share are shaded yellow. Historical figures have been updated since the previous release. California Auto Outlook Published by: Auto Outlook, Inc., PO Box 390 Exton, PA 19341 Phone 610-640-1233 Email: jfoltz@autooutlook.com Any material quoted must be attributed to California Auto Outlook, published by Auto Outlook, Inc. on behalf of the California New Car Dealers Association. Data source must also be shown as “Data sourced from Experian Automotive.” Please contact CNCDA with any questions or comments regarding the publication. Copyright: Auto Outlook, Inc. July, 2025. At Auto Outlook, we strive to provide sound and accurate analyses and forecasts based upon the data available to us. However, our forecasts are derived from third-party data and contain a number of assumptions made by Auto Outlook and its management, including, without limitation, the accuracy of the data compiled. As a result, Auto Outlook can make no representation or warranty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the data we provide or the forecasts or projections that we make based upon such data. Auto Outlook expressly disclaims any such warranties, and undue reliance should not be placed on any such data, forecasts, projections, or predictions. Auto Outlook undertakes no obligation to update or revise any predictions or forecasts, whether as a result of any new data, the occurrence of future events, or otherwise. California New Car and Light Truck Registrations Second Quarter Year to date thru June Registrations Market Share (%) Registrations Market Share (%) 2Q '24 2Q '25 % Change 2Q '24 2Q '25 Change YTD '24 YTD '25 % Change YTD '24 YTD '25 Change TOTAL 459,009 484,044 5.5 886,492 944,834 6.6 Acura 3,273 5,374 64.2 0.7 1.1 0.4 6,591 9,596 45.6 0.7 1.0 0.3 Alfa Romeo 232 126 -45.7 0.1 0.0 -0.1 547 287 -47.5 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Audi 8,809 7,336 -16.7 1.9 1.5 -0.4 18,381 15,570 -15.3 2.1 1.6 -0.5 BMW 16,596 16,884 1.7 3.6 3.5 -0.1 33,135 34,523 4.2 3.7 3.7 0.0 Buick 1,368 3,593 162.6 0.3 0.7 0.4 2,669 6,168 131.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 Cadillac 3,510 4,258 21.3 0.8 0.9 0.1 6,865 8,784 28.0 0.8 0.9 0.1 Chevrolet 27,218 34,031 25.0 5.9 7.0 1.1 51,857 62,722 21.0 5.8 6.6 0.8 Chrysler 1,341 1,065 -20.6 0.3 0.2 -0.1 2,494 2,701 8.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 Dodge 4,080 1,691 -58.6 0.9 0.3 -0.6 9,028 3,709 -58.9 1.0 0.4 -0.6 Ford 32,534 38,680 18.9 7.1 8.0 0.9 66,020 72,956 10.5 7.4 7.7 0.3 Genesis 1,820 2,264 24.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 3,574 4,769 33.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 GMC 9,170 9,754 6.4 2.0 2.0 0.0 17,245 19,753 14.5 1.9 2.1 0.2 Honda 49,651 54,278 9.3 10.8 11.2 0.4 94,718 104,059 9.9 10.7 11.0 0.3 Hyundai 21,748 24,420 12.3 4.7 5.0 0.3 38,234 45,829 19.9 4.3 4.9 0.6 Infiniti 1,114 888 -20.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 2,461 1,811 -26.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1 Jaguar 866 235 -72.9 0.2 0.0 -0.2 1,509 1,062 -29.6 0.2 0.1 -0.1 Jeep 6,914 11,973 73.2 1.5 2.5 1.0 14,496 21,443 47.9 1.6 2.3 0.7 Kia 23,226 22,816 -1.8 5.1 4.7 -0.4 41,918 46,053 9.9 4.7 4.9 0.2 Land Rover 3,429 3,938 14.8 0.7 0.8 0.1 6,820 8,422 23.5 0.8 0.9 0.1 Lexus 16,811 18,416 9.5 3.7 3.8 0.1 32,808 33,951 3.5 3.7 3.6 -0.1 Lincoln 1,274 1,782 39.9 0.3 0.4 0.1 2,597 2,943 13.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 Maserati 327 161 -50.8 0.1 0.0 -0.1 715 310 -56.6 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Mazda 9,898 11,732 18.5 2.2 2.4 0.2 19,823 23,641 19.3 2.2 2.5 0.3 Mercedes 16,345 19,585 19.8 3.6 4.0 0.4 33,235 38,996 17.3 3.7 4.1 0.4 MINI 912 1,237 35.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 2,179 2,294 5.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 Mitsubishi 786 937 19.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 1,455 2,086 43.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 Nissan 20,080 19,592 -2.4 4.4 4.0 -0.4 35,741 39,814 11.4 4.0 4.2 0.2 Polestar 590 374 -36.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 974 690 -29.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 Porsche 3,964 4,291 8.2 0.9 0.9 0.0 7,786 9,210 18.3 0.9 1.0 0.1 Ram 4,450 5,571 25.2 1.0 1.2 0.2 10,177 11,968 17.6 1.1 1.3 0.2 Rivian 3,739 2,668 -28.6 0.8 0.6 -0.2 6,899 5,551 -19.5 0.8 0.6 -0.2 Subaru 16,570 15,203 -8.2 3.6 3.1 -0.5 31,024 31,173 0.5 3.5 3.3 -0.2 Tesla 52,119 41,138 -21.1 11.4 8.5 -2.9 101,991 83,375 -18.3 11.5 8.8 -2.7 Toyota 78,964 86,683 9.8 17.2 17.9 0.7 150,634 163,416 8.5 17.0 17.3 0.3 Volkswagen 8,280 5,516 -33.4 1.8 1.1 -0.7 16,967 13,668 -19.4 1.9 1.4 -0.5 Volvo 3,917 3,450 -11.9 0.9 0.7 -0.2 7,589 7,191 -5.2 0.9 0.8 -0.1 Other 3,084 2,104 -31.8 0.7 0.4 -0.3 5,336 4,340 -18.7 0.6 0.5 -0.1 Data sourced from Experian Automotive. 32 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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