Official Publication of the California New Car Dealers Association 2026 TIME Dealer of the Year Nominee, Tom Price California Dealer Recognized for Community Service and Industry Excellence Page 11 CNCDA 2025 Convention Recap Page 20
BUSINESS LAW | LITIGATION | ESTATE PLANNING | REAL ESTATE | TAX | EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES FERRUZZO & FERRUZZO, LLP | A Limited Liability Partnership, including Professional Corporations FERRUZZO.COM | CALIFORNIA | TEXAS Business Transactions • Buy-Sell Agreements • Entity formation and structure • Shareholder Agreements • Manufacturer approvals and relations Employment Practices • Arbitration agreements • Wage and hour class action lawsuits • Private Attorneys General Act (PAGA) claims • Employee handbooks and compliance Estate Planning • Succession planning for business continuation • Family estate planning (wills and trusts) Tax • Property tax planning, audits and appeals • EDD audits Business Litigation • Consumer Legal Remedies Act lawsuits • Sales and Service Agreements • Disputes before the CA New Motor Vehicle Board • Manufacturer audit disputes • Hearings before the AQMD, RWQC and OSHA Real Estate • Dealership site acquisitions and lease agreements • Lender opinion letters An Automotive Industry Authority For over 40 years, Ferruzzo & Ferruzzo, LLP has been a leading authority in the Automotive Industry. Our team of auto-focused attorneys provide a spectrum of legal services to support every aspect of running and owning your new car and/or truck dealership. Solving Your Challenges, Together
Anticipate every turn In an industry that’s always evolving, your dealership can rely on our Dealer Financial Services team’s 90 years of experience to see what’s around the corner, forward-thinking insights to prepare you, and technology to keep you ahead of the curve. What would you like the power to do?® John Alexander, john.f.alexander@bofa.com James Diedrich, james.a.diedrich@bofa.com Eugene Gonzalez, eugene.gonzalez2@bofa.com Steve Hood, steve.hood@bofa.com Liane Low-Bevett, liane.low-bevett@bofa.com Crystal Moreno, crystal.e.moreno@bofa.com business.bofa.com/dealer ©2025 Bank of America Corporation. All rights reserved. 6942528 07-25-0215 Investment products offered by Investment Banking Affiliates: Are Not FDIC Insured Are Not Bank Guaranteed May Lose Value “Bank of America” and “BofA Securities” are the marketing names used by the Global Banking and Global Markets divisions of Bank of America Corporation. Lending, derivatives, other commercial banking activities, and trading in certain financial instruments are performed globally by banking affiliates of Bank of America Corporation, including Bank of America, N.A., Member FDIC. Trading in securities and financial instruments, and strategic advisory, and other investment banking activities, are performed globally by investment banking affiliates of Bank of America Corporation (“Investment Banking Affiliates”), including, in the United States, BofA Securities, Inc., which is a registered broker-dealer and Member of SIPC, and, in other jurisdictions, by locally registered entities. BofA Securities, Inc. is a registered futures commission merchant with the CFTC and a member of the NFA. Anticipate every turn In an industry that’s always evolving, your dealership can rely on our Dealer Financial Services team’s 90 years of experience to see what’s around the corner, forward-thinking insights to prepare you, and technology to keep you ahead of the curve. What would you like the power to do?® John Alexander, john.f.alexander@bofa.com James Diedrich, james.a.diedrich@bofa.com Eugene Gonzalez, eugene.gonzalez2@bofa.com Steve Hood, steve.hood@bofa.com Liane Low-Bevett, liane.low-bevett@bofa.com Crystal Moreno, crystal.e.moreno@bofa.com business.bofa.com/dealer ©2025 Bank of America Corporation. All rights reserved. 6942528 07-25-0215 Investment products offered by Investment Banking Affiliates: Are Not FDIC Insured Are Not Bank Guaranteed May Lose Value “Bank of America” and “BofA Securities” are the marketing names used by the Global Banking and Global Markets divisions of Bank of America Corporation. Lending, derivatives, other commercial banking activities, and trading in certain financial instruments are performed globally by banking affiliates of Bank of America Corporation, including Bank of America, N.A., Member FDIC. Trading in securities and financial instruments, and strategic advisory, and other investment banking activities, are performed globally by investment banking affiliates of Bank of America Corporation (“Investment Banking Affiliates”), including, in the United States, BofA Securities, Inc., which is a registered broker-dealer and Member of SIPC, and, in other jurisdictions, by locally registered entities. BofA Securities, Inc. is a registered futures commission merchant with the CFTC and a member of the NFA.
6 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Playing to Win in Sacramento By Brian Maas, President, CNCDA 8 2025 Officers and Directors 11 2026 TIME Dealer of the Year Nominee, Tom Price California Dealer Recognized for Community Service and Industry Excellence 13 Why Join CNCDA? 14 MANNING LEAVER LEGAL LANE Dealer Protests Before the California New Motor Vehicle Board By Gary H. Prudian, Esq., Partner, Manning, Leaver, Bruder & Berberich LLP 15 NADA Show Welcome Party 2026 February 4 18 Dealers: Help Us Help You! Economic Impact Survey (EIR) 19 Thank You CNCDA 2025 Sponsors 20 CNCDA 2025 Convention Recap September 21-24 24 2025 Legislative Summary 26 Dealer Day 2026 April 7 27 Q3 2025 California Auto Outlook ©2025 The California New Car Dealers Association (CNCDA) | The newsLINK Group LLC. All rights reserved. California New Car Dealer Quarterly is published four times per year by The newsLINK Group LLC for CNCDA and is the official publication for this association. The information contained in this publication is intended to provide general information for review, consideration and education. The contents do not constitute legal advice and should not be relied on as such. If you need legal advice or assistance, it is strongly recommended that you contact an attorney as to your circumstances. The statements and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CNCDA, its board of directors or the publisher. Likewise, the appearance of advertisements within this publication does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation of any product or service advertised. California New Car Dealer Quarterly is a collective work, and as such, some articles are submitted by authors who are independent of CNCDA. While a first-print policy is encouraged, in cases where this is not possible, every effort has been made to comply with any known reprint guidelines or restrictions. Content may not be reproduced or reprinted without prior written permission. For further information, please contact the publisher at (855) 747-4003. 11 Contents 2025 ISSUE 4 1517 L St. Sacramento, CA 95814 www.cncda.org (916) 441-2599 Brian Maas President Michael Walsh, MBA Chief Financial Officer Anthony Bento Chief Legal Officer Crystal Bolaños Director of Education & Events Autumn Heacox Director of Communications & Marketing Cathy Mason Director of Operations Rebecca Matulich Director of Strategic Partnerships Les Swizer Legal & Regulatory Affairs Counsel Kenton Stanhope Director of Government Affairs Andrea Daugherty Political Engagement Manager Lauren Johnston Membership Manager Liza Hernandez Staff Accountant Stacy Barawed Executive Assistant McKenna Bediamol Administrative Coordinator Kim McPhaul CNCDA Foundation President Lewis Keys Program Manager Felicia Palombi Fund Development Manager 20
Playing to Win in Sacramento By Brian Maas, President, CNCDA Advocacy is never easy work, but it becomes even more critical in an election year. The decisions made in November 2026, including elections for Governor and all statewide elected officials, as well as 100 legislative seats, will shape how business is conducted in California for years to come, and our industry can’t afford to sit on the sidelines. At the California Chamber of Commerce Public Affairs Conference this fall, one message stood out: success in Sacramento belongs to those willing to take risks. To make progress, we must be willing to take bold steps, speak up and remain committed to our mission. No one will just give us a seat at the table; we have to earn it, and we must build it for ourselves. CNCDA has built a reputation as one of the most highly respected and effective voices in the Capitol. We’ve achieved real results by staying unified and focused. Still, the Governor’s decision to veto our Document Processing Charge bill (SB 791) was a reminder that influence is never guaranteed. It has to be maintained and strengthened through ongoing relationships with legislators, staff and agency leaders. As we look ahead to a new administration, we need to ensure that CNCDA is well-positioned to build a lasting, productive working relationship with the next governor and their team early on. That requires commitment from every member. CNCDA’s Political Action Committee gives us strength in California’s political process. Without steady support from our dealers, we potentially damage the essential relationships needed to defend our industry and advance the issues that matter most to your dealership. California’s new car dealers provide more than 130,000 jobs and spend roughly $3.5 billion each year with other California businesses. Our presence in communities across the state drives opportunities, supports families and fuels the economy. That’s worth protecting. This year, more than ever, we need to play to win. You can help by staying engaged, supporting CNCDA’s advocacy and standing together, ensuring that our dealers (and the hard-working Californians they support) continue to have a strong voice in Sacramento. CNCDA will continue to fight the good fight for our members and demonstrate that we are not only a respected industry but an essential spoke in the wheel that keeps California golden. PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 6 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
2025 Officers and Directors EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ROBB HERNANDEZ Chairman Camino Real Chevrolet JESSIE DOSANJH Vice Chairman Stevens Creek Chevrolet DEVINDER SINGH BAINS Secretary/Treasurer Turlock Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram DAVID SIMPSON Immediate Past Chairman Simpson Buick GMC Cadillac of Buena Park, Simpson Chevrolet of Garden Grove, Simpson Chevrolet of Irvine RICK NIELLO Region 1 Vice President The Niello Company MARK NORMANDIN Region 2 Vice President Normandin Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram TED NICHOLAS Region 3 Vice President Three-Way Chevrolet Cadillac JOHN OH Region 4 Vice President Lexus of Westminster RINALDI HALIM Region 5 Vice President Sierra Automotive Group 8 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Randy Denham SJ Denham Inc. Matthew Hall AutoNation Western Region Taz Harvey Dublin Mazda Rick Niello The Niello Company Tony Toohey Auburn Toyota Jessie Dosanjh Stevens Creek Chevrolet Ryan Fitzpatrick Coliseum Lexus of Oakland Dave Moeller City Toyota Mark Normandin Normandin Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Devinder Singh Bains Turlock Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Cheryl Bedford Sunset Auto Center Don Groppetti Nissan of Visalia Bill Hatfield Hatfield Buick GMC Ted Nicholas Three-Way Chevrolet Cadillac Ellena WoodhamsSweet Fresno Acura James Graham Santa Margarita Ford Bruce Hamlin Guaranty Chevrolet Motors Inc. Jared Hardin Hardin Buick GMC John Oh Lexus of Westminster David Simpson Simpson Buick GMC Cadillac of Buena Park Anne Boland Bob Smith BMW Tom George Thorson Motor Center Sal Gonzalez Culver City Volvo Rinaldi Halim Sierra Automotive Group Robb Hernandez Camino Real Chevrolet DIRECTORS REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 REGION 4 REGION 5 9 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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2026 TIME Dealer of the Year Nominee, Tom Price CALIFORNIA DEALER RECOGNIZED FOR COMMUNITY SERVICE AND INDUSTRY EXCELLENCE The nomination of Tom Price, chairman and founder of Price Family Dealerships, for the 2026 TIME Dealer of the Year award was announced in October by TIME, in partnership with Ally. Price is one of a select group of 47 dealer nominees from across the country who will be honored at the 109th annual National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA) Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, on Feb. 5, 2026. The TIME Dealer of the Year award is one of the automobile industry’s most prestigious and highly coveted honors. The award recognizes the nation’s most successful auto dealers who also demonstrate a long-standing commitment to community service. Price was chosen to represent the California New Car Dealers Association in the national competition — one of only 47 auto dealers nominated from more than 20,000 nationwide. A lifelong car enthusiast, Price began selling cars while in college and later served in the Lincoln-Mercury Division at Ford Motor Company before moving into retail. “I loved cars as a child, and when I started calling on dealerships for Ford, I fell in love with the retail and entrepreneurial side of the business,” Price said. “A dealer told me, ‘If you like this business so much, why not go retail?’ So I did.” In 1976, Price and his wife took a leap of faith to acquire their first store. “My wife of 53 years and I sold our house and cars, used our savings and even cashed credit cards to buy an Oldsmobile dealership,” he said. “We survived gas lines and 20% interest rates — and we kept growing.” He went on to build First America Automotive to 31 dealerships, served as vice chairman of Sonic Automotive and then re-founded Price Family Dealerships, which today includes 15 dealerships representing 20 brands and 1,300+ employees across Northern California. “Not every plan goes as expected — our IPO fell through — but rebuilding as a family company with my sons has been better than I could have hoped,” Price added. Price has invested more than $96 million since 2010 in new and remodeled facilities while modernizing operations. “Actions speak louder than words,” he said. “That’s why we adopted our Simple Price, Simple Process approach — one price and one salesperson. What used to take 3-4 hours now takes 60-90 minutes, and customers leave smiling.” The group also implemented video multi-point inspections across all service lanes. “Transparency builds trust — our videos turn ‘trust us’ into ‘see for yourself,’” Price said. A six-month internal contest identified best-practice videos and rewarded technicians. “When customers can see their brakes and tire tread on screen, they feel respected and informed.” Developing people is central to Price’s philosophy. “We’re fueled by good people, doing the right thing, together,” he said. “From UTI partnerships to NADA Academy, we invest in technicians and future leaders — and we share success with buy-in opportunities so top performers can build wealth with us.” Tom also championed the creation of the Price Family Women’s Circle. This employee-led network empowers women across 30 dealerships through mentorship, leadership development and community service, strengthening company culture and advancing female representation in the automotive industry. Price Family Dealerships also built a comprehensive wellness ecosystem, including an emergency relief fund, a 24/7 employee assistance program and the company-wide DriveFit challenge. “When people face a crisis, they shouldn’t face it alone — that’s why we created our emergency relief fund,” Price noted. Community impact is a long-standing commitment. “For 20 years, we’ve donated a new Toyota annually to Dedication to Special Education, helping raise more than $1,050,000 for students with special needs,” Price said. In addition, Tom donates to over 250 local charities each year, totaling over $1 million in charitable assistance to the community annually. 11 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
He also serves locally as co-chairman for Belvedere Residents for Intelligent Growth. “A dealership’s true balance sheet is measured in how it shows up for families in its community.” Dealers are nominated by the executives of state and metropolitan dealer associations around the country. A panel of faculty members from the Tauber Institute for Global Operations at the University of Michigan will select one finalist from each of the four NADA regions and one national Dealer of the Year. Three finalists will receive $5,000 for their favorite charities, and the winner will receive $10,000 to donate to charity, courtesy of Ally. In its 14th year as exclusive sponsor, Ally is recognizing dealer nominees and their community efforts by contributing $1,000 to each nominee’s 501(c)3 charity of choice. Nominees are recognized online at ally.com/go/tdoy, which highlights the philanthropic contributions and achievements of TIME Dealer of the Year nominees. “At TIME, our commitment to recognizing the exceptional contributions of automotive dealers remains as strong as ever,” said Jessica Sibley, CEO of TIME. “The TIME Dealer of the Year award continues to celebrate those who not only excel in their profession but also make a meaningful impact in their communities. We are thrilled to continue this legacy in partnership with Ally.” Doug Timmerman, Ally president of Dealer Financial Services, said, “Auto dealers are the backbones of their communities, providing civic support and significant business leadership. Ally is proud to recognize the unwavering commitment these TIME Dealer of the Year nominees are living every day through their volunteerism, sponsorships and support of charitable causes. They are the epitome of community heroes, making important and positive impacts in the lives of the people they serve.” Tom Price was nominated for the TIME Dealer of the Year award by the California New Car Dealers Association. He and his wife, Gwen, have two sons, Gregory and Nick. 12 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
MANNING LEAVER LEGAL LANE Dealer Protests Before the California New Motor Vehicle Board By Gary H. Prudian, Esq., Partner, Manning, Leaver, Bruder & Berberich LLP This is Part 1 of a two-part series. The California New Motor Vehicle Board (the “Board”) was originally established in 1967 as the New Car Dealers Policy and Appeals Board to hear appeals of new car dealer licensing decisions made by the Department of Motor Vehicles. Initially, its duties were similar to other occupational licensing boards. In 1973, the Legislature renamed the Board the New Motor Vehicle Board and expanded its authority by adding Vehicle Code sections 3060 to 3069, which became operative on July 1, 1974. These sections empowered the Board to adjudicate disputes between new car dealers and manufacturers. In enacting the 1973 legislation, the Legislature found that the distribution and sale of new motor vehicles were vital to the California economy and public welfare, and that empowering the Board to adjudicate disputes was necessary to address the power imbalance between manufacturers and independent new motor vehicle dealers. It would also ensure that said dealers fulfill their obligations as franchisees and provide adequate and sufficient service to consumers. Protests before the Board are a crucial tool for dealers to protect their rights and prevent manufacturer overreach. This article is Part 1 of a two-part series. Part 1 provides the many protest rights dealers can file with the Board to resolve disputes with their manufacturer-franchisors. Part 2 will focus on when dealers can file lawsuits to resolve franchisor disputes without first seeking arbitration or mediation through the Board for such disputes. Part 2 will also discuss the petition process that can be filed with the Board and when petitions are applicable. The following is a description of the various protests that franchisees can file with the Board, showing in each instance which party has the burden of proof. The allocation of the burden of proof in Board proceedings is significant, because when a party has the burden of proof, it means that party must convince the administrative law judge that the evidence it has produced outweighs the evidence presented by the opposing party. The party with the burden of proof usually presents its case first in the Board proceeding. Termination When a dealer receives a written notice of termination (or a refusal to continue an existing franchise agreement), filing a termination protest automatically stays the termination, allowing the dealer to continue operating while the protest is pending. Most termination protests need to be filed within 30 days of the dealer’s receipt of the notice of termination, but some need to be filed within 10 days (e.g., insolvency, failure to operate during regular hours or transfer of ownership interest without consent). It is essential to promptly consult with competent counsel upon receipt of a notice of termination. The franchisor has the burden of proof to establish good cause for the termination. If the franchisor cannot do so, the Board will not permit the termination. 14 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Modification of Franchise This protest allows dealers to halt and challenge a proposed modification or replacement of a franchise agreement if it would substantially affect the franchisee’s sales, service obligations, or investment. This protest must be filed within 30 days from the dealer’s receipt of notice, or 30 days after the end of any appeal procedure provided by the franchisor. The dealer has the burden of proving a modification to the franchise agreement. Once it does, the burden shifts to the franchisor to show good cause for the proposed change. The franchisor cannot enact the change unless and until the protest is resolved in its favor. Additional or Relocated Franchise Within a 10-Mile Radius Dealers can challenge the establishment of a new dealership or the relocation of an existing dealership of the same line-make within a 10-mile radius. The manufacturer or distributor must first give written notice to the Board and to dealerships of the same line-make within the relevant marketing area of the proposed new or relocating dealership. This protest must be filed within 20 days of the dealer’s receipt of notice, or 20 days after the end of any appeal procedure provided by the franchisor. The protesting dealer has the burden of proving that there is reasonable cause to prevent the establishment of the additional dealer or relocation. Additional or Relocated Satellite Warranty Facility Within a Two-Mile Radius Dealers can challenge the establishment of an additional satellite warranty facility or the relocation of an existing satellite warranty facility within two miles of any dealership of the same line-make. The manufacturer or distributor must first give written notice to the Board and to dealerships of the same line-make within two miles of the proposed location. This also must be filed within 20 days from the dealer’s receipt of notice or after the end of any appeal procedure with the franchisor. The protesting dealer has the burden of proving that there is reasonable cause to prevent the establishment of the additional or relocated satellite warranty facility. Retail Warranty Compensation Law Compliance This protest allows a dealer to establish or modify their retail labor rate and/or retail parts rate by Board declaration if the franchisor fails to comply with the statutory methodology or if the dealer disputes the manufacturer’s proposed adjusted RSVP Today at cncda.org/events! 15 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
rates. If successful, the Board determines the correct rates, and the dealer may be entitled to retroactive payment. The franchisor has the burden of proof. Reduction in Warranty Reimbursement This protest allows the dealer to challenge a reduction in time or compensation applicable to specific parts or labor operations. The protest needs to be filed within six months following the franchisee’s receipt of notice of the reduction. The franchisor has the burden of proof to establish the reasonableness, adequacy and fairness of the reduction. Improper Disapproval of Warranty Claim The Board determines if the franchisor followed proper timelines and limited disapproval reasons (e.g., false claim, improper repair or material noncompliance), offering the dealer a path to overturn wrongful denials. The franchisor has the burden of proof. The dealer must file the protest within six months after receiving the written disapproval, and the franchisor bears the burden of proof. Improper Chargeback of Warranty Claim After Audit This is one of the most common protests. The franchisor may conduct audits of dealer warranty records on a reasonable basis and for a period of nine months following the payment of a claim. If the franchisor disapproves of a previously approved claim following an audit, within 30 days after the audit, the franchisor shall provide the dealer with a written notice of disapproval stating the specific grounds upon which the claim is disapproved. The dealer shall have at least 30 days thereafter to appeal and respond to any disapproval with additional supporting documentation or information that rebuts the disapproval. If, after the appeal process, the franchisor issues a final denial of a warranty claim, it must provide the dealer with a written notification of the final denial, and cannot charge the dealer back for 45 days after. If the dealer files a protest before the 45-day period expires, the franchisor is prohibited from charging the dealer until the Board issues a final order on the protest. The Board determines whether the franchisor followed timelines and limited claim disapproval reasons (false claim, ineligible under communicated terms or material noncompliance). The franchisor has the burden of proof. Improper Chargeback of Sales Incentive Claims After Audit Dealers can challenge chargebacks following sales incentive audits to confirm the franchisor acted lawfully and did not violate audit limitations (e.g., adherence to the nine-month period or proper extrapolation methods). A dealer must initiate the protest within six months of receiving the chargeback notice from the franchisor. The franchisor has the burden of proof. Unreasonable Performance Standards A dealer can challenge any performance standard, sales objective or measuring program that materially affects them (e.g., affecting incentive payment eligibility or working capital) if it is inconsistent with standards outlined in Vehicle Code § 11713.13(g). The Board determines whether the standard is reasonable based on local demographics, market characteristics, vehicle allocation, economic circumstances, and historical sales and service records. No specific time limit is set for the dealer to file the protest, but it must be filed within a “reasonable time.” The franchisor has the burden of proof. Improper Vehicle or Parts Allocation A dealer can challenge the franchisor’s failure to deliver vehicles or parts in reasonable quantities and within a reasonable time after an order, or the failure to disclose the basis of the allocation system upon written request (VC § 11713.3(a)). No specific time limit is prescribed for filing, but it should be done within a reasonable time. The franchisor has the burden of proof. Franchisor Competing With Dealer Dealers can challenge a manufacturer or its affiliate that is unfairly competing in the sale, lease, or warranty service of new motor vehicles, except in cases where specifically permitted exceptions apply (e.g., temporary ownership or dealer development programs). Again, no specific time is prescribed, but the protest should be filed within a reasonable time. The franchisor has the burden of proof to show it is not competing with dealers. Requirement to Maintain Exclusive Facilities/ Refusal to Allow Another Line Make So long as a dealer complies with the reasonable facilities and capital requirements of the franchisor, a dealer can protest its franchisor’s insistence to maintain exclusive facilities, and/or the refusal to authorize adding a sales or service operation of another line-make. The franchisor bears the burden of proof in such protests to demonstrate that its position is reasonable, considering all existing circumstances. Requirement to Make Facility Upgrades Dealers can protest manufacturer requirements for a facility upgrade. The franchisor has the burden of proof to show that the requirement is reasonable considering all existing circumstances. 16 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Stay compliant. Protect your bottom line. We have a combined 95 years of experience helping automobile dealers comply with EPA, IIP and OSHA regulations. Let our experts show you a new approach for managing compliance at your dealership. (562) 716-6100 cellyservices.com Spend less time on compliance issues and more time running your dealership. LET’S TALK! Requirement to Install Fast Charging Stations Dealers can protest a manufacturer’s fast charging station requirements. The franchisor has the burden of proof to show that all the statutory requirements of Vehicle Code § 11713.13(k) are met. Preparation and Delivery Compensation If a dealer believes the compensation specified by the franchisor for fulfilling delivery and preparation obligations is unreasonable, it can file a protest with the Board. The dealer has the burden of proof to demonstrate that the compensation is unreasonable, considering all relevant circumstances. Association Challenging Export Policy Legality A dealer association may file this protest on behalf of two or more dealers to obtain a Board declaration regarding whether a manufacturer’s export or sale-for-resale prohibition policy violates dealer protections. The association has the burden of proof. For detailed information about these protest rights, review the California New Car Dealers Association (CNCDA) Franchise Law Manual authored by our firm. It can be found in the Comply section at www.cncda.org. Manning, Leaver, Bruder & Berberich LLP is a Los Angeles law firm that practices throughout California and has been in existence for over 100 years. Its strong automobile dealer practice covers all areas related to the automobile dealer industry, including dealership buy-sells, real estate transactions, business and consumer litigation, regulatory compliance, dealer association law, new motor vehicle board matters and franchise law. Visit www.manningleaver.com for more information and areas of practice. Nothing in this article may be considered as legal advice. Contact legal counsel for legal advice. 17 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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CNCDA 2025 Convention Recap SEPTEMBER 21-24 20 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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To see more convention photos, please scan the QR code. www.cncda.org/news/2025-annualconvention-recap-and-photos 23 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
The California New Car Dealers Association is proud to publish our Annual Legislative Summary for 2025! This summary is created exclusively for CNCDA members and discusses important legal developments for our dealers related to California’s 2025 legislative session, including the new California CARS Act compliance requirements. It is now available for members to download by visiting www.cncda.org/comply, or by scanning the QR code. https://www.cncda.org/comply 24 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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California Auto Outlook Comprehensive Information on the California Vehicle Market Released October 2025 Covering Third Quarter 2025 TM Publication Sponsored By: New Vehicle Registrations Now Predicted to Increase Slightly This Year TWO YEAR PERSPECTIVE Historical Data sourced from Experian Automotive. *2025 and 2026 forecasts by Auto Outlook. Historical figures have been updated since the previous release. California Annual New Light Vehicle Registrations - 2011 thru 2026 ANNUAL TRENDS QUARTERLY RESULTS California Quarterly New Light Vehicle Registrations Percent Change vs. Year Earlier Data sourced from Experian Automotive. 1.19 1.49 1.66 1.78 1.99 2.03 2.03 1.99 1.89 1.60 1.77 1.58 1.76 1.75 1.79 1.74 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20 '21 '22 '23 '24 '25* '26* New vehicle regs. (millions) Years California U.S. YTD '24 YTD '25 Change YTD '24 YTD '25 Change Registrations TOTAL 1,313,127 1,383,543 5.4% 11,536,955 12,324,530 6.8% Car 360,938 356,402 -1.3% 2,187,145 2,102,558 -3.9% Light Truck 952,189 1,027,141 7.9% 9,349,810 10,221,972 9.3% Domestic 443,942 450,910 1.6% 4,822,672 5,170,359 7.2% European 193,023 196,045 1.6% 1,165,626 1,182,151 1.4% Japanese 548,223 593,059 8.2% 4,336,573 4,599,441 6.1% Other Asian 127,939 143,529 12.2% 1,212,084 1,372,579 13.2% Market Share Car 27.5 25.8 -1.7 19.0 17.1 -1.9 Light Truck 72.5 74.2 1.7 81.0 82.9 1.9 Domestic 33.8 32.6 -1.2 41.8 42.0 0.2 European 14.7 14.2 -0.5 10.1 9.6 -0.5 Japanese 41.8 42.9 1.1 37.6 37.3 -0.3 Other Asian 9.7 10.4 0.7 10.5 11.1 0.6 Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Other Asian brands includes Genesis, Hyundai, Kia, and VinFast. -2.4% -4.2% 3.6% 7.4% 5.1% 3.6% 2Q '24 vs. 2Q '23 3Q '24 vs. 3Q '23 4Q '24 vs. 4Q '23 1Q '25 vs. 1Q '24 2Q '25 vs. 2Q '24 3Q '25 vs. 3Q '24 % change vs. year earlier California and U.S New Light Vehicle Registrations Year to date 2024 and 2025 thru September Market maintained growth in third quarter of 2025. California new light vehicle registrations increased 5.4% during the first nine months of this year versus a year earlier, just below the 6.1% improvement in the nation. Third quarter registrations were up 3.6% compared to 3Q ‘24, surpassing expectations. Sales likely to soften in fourth quarter and 2026. Elevated uncertainty surrounds the new vehicle sales outlook. The likelihood of higher vehicle prices, rising inflation, and slower economic growth, all due to increasing tariffs, should negatively impact sales. However, pinpointing the magnitude and timing of these impacts has proven elusive. An example is the better-than-expected results in the third quarter of this year. Tariff-related headwinds should lower sales, but pent-up demand and lower interest rates should prevent a significant decline. Registrations are now predicted to increase slightly from 2023 to 2024, with a small decline expected next year. ZEV sales increase sharply in third quarter as federal government incentives expire. Registrations of new zero-emission vehicles increased sharply in the third quarter of this year. Market share increased to 24.7 percent, up from 18.2 percent in the second quarter. That will likely mark the high point in market share for the foreseeable future, however, due to the expiration of federal government incentives. Hybrid vehicle market share declined in the third quarter as consumers shifted purchases to ZEVs to take advantage of the expiring incentives. Hybrid vehicle share is likely to rebound in the coming months. KEY TRENDS IN NEW VEHICLE MARKET 27 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Page 2 California Auto Outlook Gasoline, 53.7% Electric (BEV), 21.2% Hybrid, 19.1% Plug In Hybrid (PHEV), 3.8% Diesel, 2.2% Fuel Cell, 0.0% Annual Registrations and Market Share Quarterly Registrations and Market Share 2021 2022 2023 2024 YTD '25 3Q '24 4Q '24 1Q '25 2Q '25 3Q '25 ZEV registrations 164473 262265 382403 385613 292927 ZEV registrations 101470 93217 95729 87807 109391 ZEV share 9.3% 16.6% 21.7% 22.0% 21.2% ZEV share 23.8% 21.4% 20.9% 18.2% 24.7% Hybrid regs. (excl. plug ins) 160017 144389 196224 258327 264567 Hybrid regs. (excl. plug ins) 64043 76575 82584 98425 83558 Hybrid share (excl. plug ins) 9.1% 9.1% 11.1% 14.8% 19.1% Hybrid share (excl. plug ins) 15.0% 17.5% 18.0% 20.4% 18.9% PHEV regs. 54254 42471 60670 61248 52965 PHEV regs. 14725 15633 17229 18949 16787 PHEV share 3.1% 2.7% 3.4% 3.5% 3.8% PHEV share 3.4% 3.6% 3.8% 3.9% 3.8% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 YTD '25 Market Share ZEVs Hybrids (excl. plug ins) PHEVs 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 4Q '23 1Q '24 2Q '24 3Q '24 4Q '24 1Q '25 2Q '25 3Q '25 Market Share ZEVs Hybrids (excl. plug ins) PHEVs Vehicle Powertrain Dashboard Annual Quarterly Data sourced from Experian Automotive. ZEVs are full battery electric vehicles and include fuel cell vehicles. PHEVs are plug in hybrids. Hybrid vehicle registrations and market share excludes mild hybrids. ZEV share fell from 22.0% in 2024 to 21.2% during the first nine months of 2025. Market Share for all Powertrain Types - YTD 2025 thru September California and U.S. Markets California ZEV market share YTD 2025 21.2% ❏ Gasoline powered vehicles accounted for 53.7 percent of state new vehicle registrations during the first nine months of this year. ❏ Gasoline-powered vehicle market share (including gasoline and diesel vehicles) was 55.9 percent so far this year, down from 59.7 percent in 2024. Gasoline-powered vehicle share could move slightly higher due to the expiration of federal government ZEV incentives, but sales of hybrids should accelerate in the coming months. ❏ Combined share for BEVs, PHEVs, hybrids, and fuel cell vehicles was 44.1 percent so far this year, up from just 11.6 percent in 2018. Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Market Share U.S. ZEV market share YTD 2025 8.4% California share of U.S. ZEV registrations YTD 2025 28.4% Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Data sourced from Experian Automotive. ZEV market share increased from 18.2% in Q2 ‘25 to 24.7% in Q3 ‘25. 28 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Page 3 California Auto Outlook Vehicle Powertrain Dashboard Make and Model Registrations for Hybrids, ZEVs, and PHEVs in California ZEVs are full battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles. PHEVs are plug in hybrids. Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Top 25 Selling Hybrid, ZEV, and PHEV Models - YTD 2025 thru Sep. Rank Model Type Regs. 1 Tesla Model Y ZEV 79,448 2 Toyota Camry Hybrid 45,590 3 Tesla Model 3 ZEV 44,173 4 Honda CR-V Hybrid 27,682 5 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 23,619 6 Honda Civic Hybrid 16,376 7 Honda Accord Hybrid 13,848 8 Hyundai Ioniq 5 ZEV 13,740 9 Honda Prologue ZEV 11,740 10 Toyota Corolla Hybrid 11,245 11 Toyota Sienna Hybrid 10,300 12 Chevrolet Equinox ZEV 9,423 13 Toyota Prius Hybrid 9,216 14 Ford Mustang Mach-E ZEV 8,982 15 Ford Maverick Hybrid 8,696 16 Toyota Grand Highlander Hybrid 7,238 17 BMW i4 ZEV 6,753 18 Rivian R1S ZEV 6,655 19 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid 6,453 20 Lexus NX Hybrid 6,443 21 Hyundai Santa Fe Hybrid 6,102 22 Lexus RX Hybrid 5,796 23 Lexus ES Hybrid 5,763 24 Jeep Wrangler PHEV 5,710 25 Tesla Cybertruck ZEV 5,536 California New Zero Emission Vehicle Registrations by Make YTD 2024 and YTD 2025 thru September Registrations Market Share (%) YTD '24 YTD '25 % Change YTD '24 YTD '25 Change TOTAL 292,396 292,927 0.2 Acura 347 4,353 -- 0.1 1.5 1.4 Audi 7,554 9,849 30.4 2.6 3.4 0.8 BMW 14,425 13,892 -3.7 4.9 4.7 -0.2 Cadillac 3,692 5,690 54.1 1.3 1.9 0.6 Chevrolet 9,032 15,749 74.4 3.1 5.4 2.3 Dodge 0 622 -- 0.0 0.2 0.2 Ford 12,735 14,117 10.9 4.4 4.8 0.4 Genesis 1,362 1,250 -8.2 0.5 0.4 -0.1 GMC 1,498 2,991 99.7 0.5 1.0 0.5 Honda 2,626 11,842 -- 0.9 4.0 3.1 Hyundai 16,507 18,561 12.4 5.6 6.3 0.7 Jaguar 2,004 693 -65.4 0.7 0.2 -0.5 Jeep 0 953 -- 0.0 0.3 0.3 Kia 10,535 7,267 -31.0 3.6 2.5 -1.1 Lexus 3,709 2,315 -37.6 1.3 0.8 -0.5 Maserati 0 4 -- 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mazda 7 2 -71.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mercedes 12,446 9,129 -26.7 4.3 3.1 -1.2 MINI 678 535 -21.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 Nissan 4,451 5,686 27.7 1.5 1.9 0.4 Other 4,726 3,336 -29.4 1.6 1.1 -0.5 Polestar 1,759 901 -48.8 0.6 0.3 -0.3 Porsche 1,352 3,683 172.4 0.5 1.3 0.8 Ram 4 5 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Rivian 9,048 8,717 -3.7 3.1 3.0 -0.1 Subaru 1,860 2,796 50.3 0.6 1.0 0.4 Tesla 159,487 135,453 -15.1 54.5 46.2 -8.3 Toyota 4,529 4,105 -9.4 1.5 1.4 -0.1 Volkswagen 5,250 6,376 21.4 1.8 2.2 0.4 Volvo 773 2,055 165.8 0.3 0.7 0.4 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 YTD '24 YTD '25 YTD '24 YTD '25 YTD '24 YTD '25 Hybrid ZEV PHEV New vehicle registrations Franchised Direct Alternative Powertrain Sales by Type of Selling Dealership - YTD ‘24 and ‘25, thru September ❏ The graph on the left shows new vehicle registrations for Hybrids, ZEVs, and PHEVs broken down by type of selling dealership. Franchised dealerships accounted for more than 76 percent of combined sales for all three alternative powertrain types. ❏ Franchised dealership share of the ZEV only market increased to 49.7 percent so far this year, up from 40.8 percent a year earlier. ❏ Sales of ZEVs at franchised dealerships increased 22.1 percent so far this year, compared to the 14.9 percent drop for direct sellers. Data sourced from Experian Automotive. 29 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Covering Third Quarter 2025 Page 4 The table below shows the top five selling models during the first nine months of 2025 in 18 segments. In addition to unit registrations, it also shows each model’s market share in its respective segment. MODEL RANKINGS Tesla Model Y is Top-Selling Light Truck in California; Camry Takes Over Top Spot for Passenger Cars BEST SELLERS IN PRIMARY SEGMENTS Small Cars: Honda Civic Full Size Pickup: Ford F-Series Mid-Size and Large Cars: Toyota Camry Compact SUV: Toyota RAV4 Near Luxury Cars: Tesla Model 3 2 Row Mid-Size SUV: Honda Prologue Comp./Mid Size Pickup: Toyota Tacoma Luxury Mid-Size SUV: Lexus RX Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Figures for Prius include Prius Prime. Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Honda Civic 41130 30.6 Toyota Camry 45617 49.2 Ford Mustang 3452 43.7 Tesla Model 3 44173 49.9 Toyota Corolla 28375 21.1 Honda Accord 22234 24.0 Toyota 86 1796 22.7 Lexus ES 8041 9.1 Toyota Prius 12817 9.5 Nissan Altima 7313 7.9 Mazda MX5 1160 14.7 BMW i4 6753 7.6 Kia K4/Forte 11616 8.7 Hyundai Sonata 5739 6.2 Subaru BRZ 490 6.2 Mercedes C-Class 5834 6.6 Nissan Sentra 11465 8.5 Kia K5 5552 6.0 Nissan Z 467 5.9 BMW 3-Series 4777 5.4 Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share BMW 5-Series 2542 7.7 Toyota Tacoma 33046 50.2 Ford F-Series 29911 26.5 Toyota Sienna 10300 39.1 Lucid Air 2505 7.6 Ford Maverick 11524 17.5 Chevrolet Silverado 25964 23.0 Kia Carnival 6037 22.9 Mercedes CLE-Class 2464 7.5 Chevrolet Colorado 5247 8.0 GMC Sierra 15018 13.3 Honda Odyssey 5798 22.0 Mercedes E-Class 2453 7.4 Ford Ranger 3981 6.1 Ram Pickup 14947 13.2 Chrysler Pacifica 2904 11.0 BMW i5 2354 7.1 Nissan Frontier 3443 5.2 Toyota Tundra 12284 10.9 Volkswagen ID.Buzz 1003 3.8 Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Ford Transit Connect 6830 35.6 Honda HR-V 14312 15.6 Toyota RAV4 49584 20.3 Honda Prologue 11740 17.5 Mercedes Sprinter 4431 23.1 Subaru Crosstrek 13956 15.2 Honda CR-V 41217 16.9 Hyundai Santa Fe 9514 14.2 Ram Promaster 2622 13.7 Chevrolet Trax 11400 12.4 Chevrolet Equinox 15999 6.6 Ford Mustang Mach-E 8982 13.4 Ford E-Series 1772 9.2 Toyota Corolla Cross 11048 12.0 Hyundai Ioniq 5 13740 5.6 Subaru Outback 8815 13.1 Chevrolet Express 1705 8.9 Nissan Kicks 6814 7.4 Hyundai Tucson 12211 5.0 Toyota 4Runner 5535 8.2 Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Toyota Grand Highland1er1286 12.9 Ford Bronco 9728 26.5 Mercedes EQB 3594 16.8 Tesla Model Y 79448 57.4 Ford Explorer 10396 11.9 Chevrolet Tahoe 5783 15.7 Audi Q3 2722 12.8 Lexus NX 12054 8.7 Honda Pilot 9525 10.9 Toyota Land Cruiser 4591 12.5 Mercedes GLA-Class 2693 12.6 Mercedes GLC-Class 11397 8.2 Kia Sorento 7692 8.8 Chevrolet Suburban 4396 12.0 Audi Q4 E-Tron 2522 11.8 BMW X3 6595 4.8 Kia Telluride 7152 8.2 GMC Yukon XL 2784 7.6 BMW X1 2282 10.7 Porsche Macan 5383 3.9 Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Model Regs. Share Lexus RX 12776 15.4 Rivian R1S 6655 20.2 Toyota Camry 45617 12.8 Tesla Model Y 79448 7.7 Mercedes GLE-Class 8486 10.3 Lexus TX 5100 15.5 Tesla Model 3 44173 12.4 Toyota RAV4 49584 4.8 BMW X5 7338 8.9 Land Rover Range Rover 3836 11.7 Honda Civic 41130 11.5 Honda CR-V 41217 4.0 Audi Q6 e-tron 5025 6.1 Cadillac Escalade 3722 11.3 Toyota Corolla 28375 8.0 Toyota Tacoma 33046 3.2 Acura ZDX 4353 5.3 Mercedes GLS-Class 2859 8.7 Honda Accord 22234 6.2 Ford F-Series 29911 2.9 Luxury and High End Sports Cars Compact/Mid Size Pickup Full Size Pickup Mini Van Top Selling Models in Each Segment - New Retail Light Vehicle Registrations (YTD '25 thru September) Small Cars Mid Size and Large Cars Sports/Pony Cars Near Luxury Cars Luxury Mid Size SUV Luxury Large SUV Top Selling Passenger Cars Top Selling Light Trucks Large Van Subcompact SUV Compact SUV 2 Row Mid Size SUV 3 Row Mid Size SUV Large SUV Luxury Subcompact SUV Luxury Compact SUV 30 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Page 5 California Auto Outlook 4.0% 3.6% 2.6% 4.0% 2.2% 2.3% 5.5% 2.1% 5.2% 5.5% 11.2% 12.3% 3.6% 8.2% 13.0% 2.1% 2.1% 2.4% 3.2% 3.6% 3.6% 4.0% 4.1% 4.9% 5.0% 6.5% 7.7% 9.8% 10.9% 17.4% 0.0% 6.0% 12.0% 18.0% GMC Jeep Mazda Subaru BMW Lexus Nissan Mercedes Kia Hyundai Chevrolet Ford Tesla Honda Toyota Market Share State U.S. BRAND SUMMARY Registrations Increased by More Than 10 Percent for 14 Brands; Toyota and Honda are Market Leaders Registrations increased by more than 20 percent for Buick, Jeep, Acura, Genesis, Cadillac, and Land Rover California and U.S. Market Share - YTD 2025 thru September (Top 15 selling brands in CA) Percent Change in Brand Registrations YTD 2025 thru September vs. YTD 2024 (Top 30 selling brands in CA) Data sourced from Experian Automotive. Toyota, Honda, Tesla, Ford, and Chevrolet were market share leaders in California. -59.8% -15.4% -15.1% -11.2% -6.6% -3.8% -3.7% -3.7% 2.8% 3.8% 5.7% 5.9% 7.1% 7.8% 8.6% 9.9% 10.9% 11.0% 12.0% 12.9% 13.5% 14.5% 14.5% 17.5% 20.0% 26.5% 29.5% 36.6% 37.5% 58.6% Dodge Volkswagen Tesla Chrysler Volvo Audi Subaru Rivian BMW Lexus Honda Lincoln Nissan Kia Porsche Ford GMC Ram Toyota MINI Mazda Chevrolet Mercedes Hyundai Land Rover Cadillac Genesis Acura Jeep Buick 31 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
Covering Third Quarter 2025 Page 6 BRAND REGISTRATIONS Detailed Results for All Brands in California Market The table above shows new light vehicle (car and light truck) registrations in California. Figures are shown for the Third Quarters of 2024 and 2025, and year-to-date totals. Vehicle registrations are recorded based on when the vehicle title information is processed by the state, which typically occurs after the vehicle is sold. The top ten ranked brands for change in market share are shaded yellow. Historical figures have been updated since the previous release. California Auto Outlook Published by: Auto Outlook, Inc., PO Box 390 Exton, PA 19341 Phone 610-640-1233 Email: autooutlook@icloud.com Any material quoted must be attributed to California Auto Outlook, published by Auto Outlook, Inc. on behalf of the California New Car Dealers Association. Data source must also be shown as “Data sourced from Experian Automotive.” Please contact CNCDA with any questions or comments regarding the publication. Copyright: Auto Outlook, Inc. October, 2025. At Auto Outlook, we strive to provide sound and accurate analyses and forecasts based upon the data available to us. However, our forecasts are derived from third-party data and contain a number of assumptions made by Auto Outlook and its management, including, without limitation, the accuracy of the data compiled. As a result, Auto Outlook can make no representation or warranty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the data we provide or the forecasts or projections that we make based upon such data. Auto Outlook expressly disclaims any such warranties, and undue reliance should not be placed on any such data, forecasts, projections, or predictions. Auto Outlook undertakes no obligation to update or revise any predictions or forecasts, whether as a result of any new data, the occurrence of future events, or otherwise. California New Car and Light Truck Registrations Third Quarter Year to date thru September Registrations Market Share (%) Registrations Market Share (%) 3Q '24 3Q '25 % Change 3Q '24 3Q '25 Change YTD '24 YTD '25 % Change YTD '24 YTD '25 Change TOTAL 426,860 442,152 3.6 1,313,127 1,383,543 5.4 Acura 3,354 4,016 19.7 0.8 0.9 0.1 9,944 13,580 36.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 Alfa Romeo 168 135 -19.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 715 407 -43.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Audi 7,283 9,141 25.5 1.7 2.1 0.4 25,661 24,691 -3.8 2.0 1.8 -0.2 BMW 15,006 15,097 0.6 3.5 3.4 -0.1 48,136 49,507 2.8 3.7 3.6 -0.1 Buick 1,875 1,088 -42.0 0.4 0.2 -0.2 4,544 7,209 58.6 0.3 0.5 0.2 Cadillac 3,162 4,107 29.9 0.7 0.9 0.2 10,027 12,689 26.5 0.8 0.9 0.1 Chevrolet 27,012 27,960 3.5 6.3 6.3 0.0 78,855 90,288 14.5 6.0 6.5 0.5 Chrysler 1,126 509 -54.8 0.3 0.1 -0.2 3,622 3,216 -11.2 0.3 0.2 -0.1 Dodge 2,549 944 -63.0 0.6 0.2 -0.4 11,574 4,648 -59.8 0.9 0.3 -0.6 Ford 30,411 33,742 11.0 7.1 7.6 0.5 96,381 105,937 9.9 7.3 7.7 0.4 Genesis 1,811 2,219 22.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 5,380 6,968 29.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 GMC 9,010 9,562 6.1 2.1 2.2 0.1 26,254 29,112 10.9 2.0 2.1 0.1 Honda 48,461 47,428 -2.1 11.4 10.7 -0.7 143,172 151,327 5.7 10.9 10.9 0.0 Hyundai 20,344 23,184 14.0 4.8 5.2 0.4 58,568 68,810 17.5 4.5 5.0 0.5 Infiniti 1,046 691 -33.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 3,507 2,469 -29.6 0.3 0.2 -0.1 Jaguar 1,465 164 -88.8 0.3 0.0 -0.3 2,973 1,222 -58.9 0.2 0.1 -0.1 Jeep 6,941 8,050 16.0 1.6 1.8 0.2 21,433 29,468 37.5 1.6 2.1 0.5 Kia 20,554 21,447 4.3 4.8 4.9 0.1 62,460 67,322 7.8 4.8 4.9 0.1 Land Rover 3,048 3,430 12.5 0.7 0.8 0.1 9,868 11,839 20.0 0.8 0.9 0.1 Lexus 15,259 16,007 4.9 3.6 3.6 0.0 48,063 49,885 3.8 3.7 3.6 -0.1 Lincoln 1,131 1,069 -5.5 0.3 0.2 -0.1 3,728 3,948 5.9 0.3 0.3 0.0 Maserati 124 61 -50.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 839 371 -55.8 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Mazda 9,755 10,101 3.5 2.3 2.3 0.0 29,534 33,535 13.5 2.2 2.4 0.2 Mercedes 16,083 17,708 10.1 3.8 4.0 0.2 49,313 56,475 14.5 3.8 4.1 0.3 MINI 740 1,006 35.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 2,919 3,295 12.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 Mitsubishi 716 536 -25.1 0.2 0.1 -0.1 2,171 2,624 20.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 Nissan 15,754 15,591 -1.0 3.7 3.5 -0.2 51,476 55,136 7.1 3.9 4.0 0.1 Polestar 785 211 -73.1 0.2 0.0 -0.2 1,759 901 -48.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 Porsche 4,569 4,247 -7.0 1.1 1.0 -0.1 12,355 13,415 8.6 0.9 1.0 0.1 Ram 5,654 5,628 -0.5 1.3 1.3 0.0 15,828 17,574 11.0 1.2 1.3 0.1 Rivian 2,149 3,177 47.8 0.5 0.7 0.2 9,048 8,717 -3.7 0.7 0.6 -0.1 Subaru 14,394 12,543 -12.9 3.4 2.8 -0.6 45,414 43,734 -3.7 3.5 3.2 -0.3 Tesla 57,509 52,114 -9.4 13.5 11.8 -1.7 159,487 135,453 -15.1 12.1 9.8 -2.3 Toyota 64,324 77,419 20.4 15.1 17.5 2.4 214,942 240,769 12.0 16.4 17.4 1.0 Volkswagen 7,786 7,269 -6.6 1.8 1.6 -0.2 24,754 20,935 -15.4 1.9 1.5 -0.4 Volvo 3,224 2,913 -9.6 0.8 0.7 -0.1 10,811 10,094 -6.6 0.8 0.7 -0.1 Other 2,278 1,638 -28.1 0.5 0.4 -0.1 7,612 5,973 -21.5 0.6 0.4 -0.2 Data sourced from Experian Automotive. 32 California New Car Dealer Quarterly
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