“In that community banking is a cyclical industry, and its earnings have some correlation to market interest rates, there are periods in which certain strategies are in play and others are not.” Jim Reber (jreber@icbasecurities.com) is president and CEO of ICBA Securities, ICBA’s institutional, fixed-income broker-dealer for community banks. Balance sheet webinar series continues: ICBA Securities and its exclusive broker Stifel Financial resumes the 2022 Community Banking Matters webinar series on Sept. 13 at 10 a.m. Central. The topic is “Municipal Market Update: Investment Strategies and Credit.” To register, visit icbasecurities.com. expect the call ever to be exercised, so it’s a pleasant surprise to see the yield jump.These discount callables are typically priced to the worst case (i.e., maturity) to yield slightlymore than non-callable bonds (i.e., bullets). Mortgage maneuvers Mortgage-backed securities (MBS) remain popular as community bank investments. The majority of the dollars in all bank portfolios are in some type of MBS. And it is a deep and liquid (and growing) market, so supplies are plentiful for a given investor to shop around. The cash flows of an MBS are mostly predicated on how much prepayment (not repayment) is received each month. There is a direct link between prepayment activity and the borrowers’ rates (in MBS parlance, “Gross WACs”) of a given pool, so investors can (within limits) create a predictable risk/reward profile. And have I mentioned that MBS are currently available at discounts? Buying below-market coupons means two things in the near term. First, your monthly cash flows will be limited, and that may be fine for your bank’s needs. Secondly, the market price has room to improve, up to and beyond par, if rates begin to fall. For example, a 15-year MBS with a 2.00% coupon is currently priced around 94 cents on the dollar, and was worth around 102 at the start of 2022. Since the borrowers’ rates on these pools will be well below 3%, there is no financial incentive to prepay the loans early, so average lives will be quite long in the near future. Offset to falling rates Maybe the biggest benefit to owning bonds at prices less than 100 is that their returns will be inversely related to general market rates. When interest rates fall, the “optionality” comes “in-the-money,” and some bonds get called away. To the extent they’re owned at discounts, their yield-to-call is enhanced. This is true for all bonds: agencies, MBS and even munis at discounts. Further, since most all community banks have interest rate risk profiles built for rising rates, investments that out-perform as rates fall can help offset the margin compression likely to occur. Perhaps best of all, discount bonds’ yields will automatically (magically?) increase as interest rates decline, without the need to sell the investments. All told, owning bonds at prices less than par can help bring stability to the cash flows while lessening exposure to falling rates. It can also feed the needs, however subliminal, to get a bargain price while improving future chances for unrealized gains. Paradoxical? I’d call it logical. ■ October 2022 | 35
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